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that, when coupled with elevation changes, can produce strong and reliable wind year round. The Dominican Republic is estimated to have roughly 3,200 MW of potential wind power available over 460 square kilometers. Wind potential in Brazil is expected to supply the country with roughly 4.7 GW of capacity by 2030 (World Bank, 2010). Other countries in LAC likely have as much potential. To understand where to best locate future wind infrastructure, more comprehensive resource mapping (which requires government and private sector investment) is needed. Geothermal Current: Geothermal power generation in LAC accounts for only 0.5 percent of the region’s energy supply (UNEP, 2010) and is heavily dictated by a country’s proximity to plate boundaries, volcanoes, and hot spots. Geothermal power does, however, play a large role in some countries’ energy portfolios. In Costa Rica, for example, more electricity is derived from geothermal sources than fossil fuels (McDermott, 2009), thanks to the country’s convenient location near the Circum-Pacific Seismic Belt (CPSB). Small-scale geothermal power generation can be found elsewhere around the CPSB in El Salvador, Mexico, and Nicaragua, but still does not play a dominant role. Geothermal power generates over 3,189 GWh of electricity per year in the Caribbean. Guadeloupe, for example, has had a 15 MW geothermal plant since 1986. Projects are also found in Saint Lucia, Dominica, and Nevis. In the Caribbean, geothermal power could potentially lower electricity costs to $0.15 per kWh (Gerner and Hansen, 2011). Potential: With its multiple plate boundaries, Mexico has tremendous geothermal potential. The coasts of Colombia and Ecuador also have a number of potential geothermal sites where the Nazca and South American tectonic plates meet. Furthermore, nations in the eastern and northern-most parts of the Caribbean are well situated for geothermal power production, with between 450 MW and several thousand megawatts of potential capacity (Gerner and Hansen, 2011). Nevis and Grenada, for example, have an estimated 300 MW and 400 MW of potential capacity, respectively, that has yet to be developed (Gerner and Hansen, 2011). CREDP has been exploring strategies to develop geothermal systems in Saint Kitts, Nevis, Dominica, and Saint Lucia. Some estimates predict up to 300 TWh per year of geothermal power is possible in LAC (Yepez-Garcia, Johnson, and Andres, 2010), and a developed geothermal market in the Caribbean could provide electricity that would cost $0.12 to $0.15 per kWh (Joseph, 2008). Hydropower Current: Hydropower plays an extensive role in LAC’s current energy portfolio, accounting for roughly 8.5 percent of the region’s total energy supply (UNEP, 2010). Large hydro dams provide substantial electric power for many countries, while existing as the only renewable energy Renewable Energy Best Practices in Promotion and Use — Andrea Luecke — Page 10PDF Image | Waste Heat Recovery and RPS Policies in the US
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