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Proceedings of the University of Vaasa. Reports 11 7 Comparisons between steam Rankine, ORC, Kalina and TFC cycles Jonsson & Yan (2001) have studied the differences between Kalina-type bottom- ing cycle configurations designed for different gas engine and gas diesel engine types. One of their key focuses was to demonstrate the potential of the Kalina cycle to produce more power than the Rankine cycle as an engine bottoming cy- cle. Four different power plant configurations were studied, all based on Wärtsilä engines with gas engine models 16V25SG and 18V34SG and gas diesel engine models 18V32GD and 18V46GD. The characteristics of the heat sources differ for the four engine models and the optimal Kalina cycle configuration is unique to the engine. Cycle configurations that use all engine heat sources are complex and include many heat exchangers. Low heat source temperatures should be to the advantage of the Kalina cycle rela- tive to the Rankine cycle. In most cases the gas engine with a Kalina bottoming cycle produces more power compared to the Rankine cycles than the gas diesel engine. The Kalina cycle can use more of the heat in the exhaust gas stream than the Rankine cycle. Both Bombarda et al. (2010) and Valdimarsson (2003) have compared the Kalina and ORC cycles. The OCR model (Valdimarsson 2003) is based on a system without regeneration. Isopenthane is assumed as the working fluid. A saturated vapor Kalina cycle is used. As a result, the maximum power generated for a given source is greater for the Kalina cycle. The Kalina cycle is well positioned against an ORC for a base load application. The Kalina is better than the ORC when the heat source stream has finite heat capacity, but similar when the source is con- densing steam (constant temperature). Bombarda et al. (2010) compared the thermodynamic performance of the Kalina cycle and ORC (hexamethyldisiloxane as working fluid) in the case of heat re- covery from two Wärtsilä 20V32 8.9 MW diesel engines with exhaust gas mass flow of 35 kg/s for both engines, at 346oC. In order to facilitate the comparison, only the heat recovery from the exhaust gases was considered. An almost equal net electric power of 1615 kW (with a cycle efficiency of 19.7 %) and of 1603 kW (with cycle efficiency of 21.5 %) for the Kalina and ORC cycles was calcu- lated, respectively. In this case, the Kalina cycle requires a very high maximum pressure in order to obtain high thermodynamic performances: 100 bar against the about 10 bar of the ORC cycle. The turbine design also favours the ORC cycle, as the isentropic enthalpy drop is definitely higher for the Kalina (575 kJ) than for the ORC (92 kJ). For the Kalina cycle, the required turbine rotational speed is very high (> 60000 rpm) thus requiring a gear box, and therefore adding gearboxPDF Image | Waste Heat Recovery Bottoming Cycle Alternatives
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