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Proceedings of the University of Vaasa. Reports 19 turbine. Thus, the proposed arrangement is applicable only in the vicinity of the LNG receiving terminal, where also vaporized LNG flow to the gas distribution system can be used as a heat sink. 13 Conclusions The aim of this study was to search for and enumerate thermodynamic processes and power conversion methods which could be applied as a bottoming cycle in combination with the WHR systems of diesel and gas engines to produce addi- tional electrical power from the excess heat. Below, the pros and cons of the stud- ied processes and methods are briefly listed. The steam Rankine cycle is a well-known, and the most developed and wide- spread bottoming cycle, typically combined with a gas turbine. It is most suitable for plant sizes of several hundreds of megawatts of electrical power. The steam Rankine cycle can also be applied with diesel engines, however, with less effi- ciently due to the lower exhaust gas temperature and flow. The organic Rankine cycle (ORC) applies the principle of the steam Rankine cy- cle but uses organic working fluids instead of water. Among low-grade heat bot- toming cycles, the ORC is so far the most commercially developed one. It is sim- pler and economically more feasible than the steam Rankine cycle. Kalina cycle is a ‘modified’ Rankine cycle using mixtures as the working fluid, typically water-ammonia. The use of a mixture having a varying boiling point results a good thermal match in the waste heat boiler, but requires a recuperator after the turbine and distillation condensation subsystem to avoid exergy loss at the heat sink. This makes the plant scheme more complex. The Kalina Cycle is reported to achieve better performance and smaller plant size than a steam Ran- kine plant with equal output. Order of superiority between the Kalina Cycle and the ORC is contradictory. Ammonia is toxic and highly corrosive, which has to be taken into account in material selection. The Kalina Cycle has some references in waste heat and geothermal power plants. In the trilateral flash cycle (TFC) the working fluid is heated under pressure to a temperature above boiling point. The expansion phase in the expander starts from saturated liquid state and flashes to the condenser pressure. The power recovery potential of the TFC highly depends on the two-phase expansion inside the ex- pander. The lack of a suitable expander with high adiabatic efficiency is the main obstacle for the TFC in becoming reality. A twin screw expander is predicted to have sufficient adiabatic efficiency.PDF Image | Waste Heat Recovery Bottoming Cycle Alternatives
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