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ED 3.6% Hybrid 0.8% EDI 0.3% MED 8.0% MSF; 26,8; 27% Other 0.3% RO 60.0% RO MSF MED ED Hybrid EDI (Electrodionization) Other Figure 1 – Desalination Technology Market (IDA in Koschikowski, 2011) water in the same plant is a technical solution that in MENA countries can often satisfy the demand for power and water in a cost-effective and energy- efficient manner. In the case of heat derived from a steam turbine, the turbine loses a certain amount of its electricity generation output. With an installed capacity of about 17.5 million m3/day (IDA in Koschikowski, 2011), MSF is the dominant desalination technology in the MENA region where fossil fuels are largely available at a low cost. Similar to MSF, Multi Effect Distillation (MED) is a multi-stage process variant in which vapor from each vessel (stage) is condensed in the following vessel and vaporized again at reduced ambient pressure. Unlike MSF, MED allows the feed-water to be processed without the need to supply additional heat for vaporization at each stage. Another technology for thermal desalination is the Vapor Compression (VC) distilla- tion process, where the heat for water evaporation comes from compression rather than from direct heating. This process is generally used in combination with other processes (MED) to improve overall efficiency. Membrane Desalination Technologies – Membrane desalination uses mem- branes to separate fresh water from saline feed-water. Feed-water is brought to the surface of a membrane, which selectively passes water and excludes salts. In the Reverse Osmosis (RO), the seawater pressure is increased above the osmotic pressure, thus allowing the desalinated water to pass through the semi-permeable membranes, leaving the solid salt particles behind (Figure 3). The RO plants are very sensitive to the feed-water quality (salinity, turbidity, 6 Water Desalination using Renewable Energy | Technology BriefPDF Image | Water Desalination Using Renewable Energy
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