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Water Desalination Using Renewable Energy

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Water Desalination Using Renewable Energy ( water-desalination-using-renewable-energy )

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Chlorination to control marine growth Seawater Intake Ocean Outlet Sulphuric Acid, Coagulant (FeCl3), Flocculant Antiscalant, Sodium bisulphite, Caustic soda Potabilisation Chemicals Drinking Water Supply Solids to Landfill Screens & Pump station Outlet Chamber Pre-treatment (Filtration) Desalination (Reverse Osmosis) Pre-treatment Waste Treatment Figure 3 – RO Desalination Process (Source: Fichtner, 2011) Desalination based on Renewable Energy – Desalination based on the use of renewable energy sources can provide a sustainable way to produce fresh water. It is expected to become economically attractive as the costs of renew- able technologies continue to decline and the prices of fossil fuels continue to increase. Using locally available renewable energy resources for desalination is likely to be a cost-effective solution particularly in remote regions, with low population density and poor infrastructure for fresh water and electricity transmission and distribution. The present deployment of renewable-based desalination – i.e. less than 1% of desalination capacity based on conventional fossil fuels (EU, 2008) – does not reflect the advantages of this technology option. Renewable desalination is mostly based on the RO process (62%), followed by thermal processes such as MSF and MED. The dominant energy source is solar photovoltaics (PV), which is used in some 43% of the existing applications, followed by solar thermal and wind energy (EU, 2008). The right combination of a renewable energy source with a desalination technol- ogy can be the key to match both power and water demand economically, efficiently and in an environmentally friendly way. Assessing the technical feasibility and cost effectiveness of renewable desalination plants requires a detailed analysis, including a variety of factors, such as location, quality (salinity) of feed-water input and fresh-water output, the available renewable energy source, plant capacity and size, and the availability of grid electricity. Operation and maintenance requirements, feed-water transportation and 8 Water Desalination using Renewable Energy | Technology Brief Seawater Bypass

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