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Table 2 – Possible combinations of renewable energy and desalination technologies (Source: Al-Karaghouli et al., 2011) Thermal Technologies Membrane Technologies MSF MED VC RO ED Renewable Technologies Solar thermal Solar PV Wind Geothermal pre-treatment needs are also part of the decision-making process. Some technology solutions are better suited to large size plants, while others are better for small-scale applications (EU, 2008). Most common renewable op- tions are shown in Table 2. Renewable desalination is growing especially in arid regions with huge solar energy potentials such as the MENA region. Many of the existing renewable desalination systems are implemented in small capacities from a few m3 up to 100 m3/d. Only a few medium-size applications exist in the MENA region. The world’s largest solar PV desalination plant using novel nano-membrane tech- nology is under construction in the city of Al Khafji, in Saudi Arabia. It is part of the project launched by KACST (King Adbulaziz City for Science and Tech- nology) in cooperation with IBM. It will be implemented in three stages over nine years. In the first phase, a desalination plant with a production capacity of 30,000 m3/d will meet the needs of some 100,000 people. According to Arab News, Saudi Arabia uses1.5 million barrels of oil per day at its desalina- tion plants, which provide between 50% and 70% of the country’s drinking water (Oxford Business Group, 2010). Other desalination plants powered by renewable energy can be seen in Cyprus, Egypt, Jordan, Morocco, Turkey, Abu Dhabi and the Canary Islands. Solar Thermal Desalination – Seawater desalination via MSF and MED using solar heat as the energy input are promising desalination processes based on renewable energy. The desalination plant consists of two parts (i.e. solar heat collector and distiller). The process is referred to as an indirect process Water Desalination using Renewable Energy | Technology Brief 9PDF Image | Water Desalination Using Renewable Energy
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