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contribute to the surge in energy use in the region. The annual electricity de- mand for desalination in the MENA region is expected to rise to 122 TWh by 2030, a factor of three higher compared with 2007 (IEA, 2009). As already mentioned, solar energy, in particular CSP with thermal energy storage, shows a significant potential for combined production of electricity and fresh water in the MENA region. In the water demand scenario elaborated by DLR (Figure 6), the CSP-based desalination is projected to become a major pro- cess for water production in MENA, accounting for about 16% of total water production in 2030 and 22% in 2050. This scenario involves the availability of surface- and ground-water according to mild-to-average climate change and desertification scenarios. On the other hand, matching the appropriate types of desalination technologies requires careful assessments. Membrane technologies are not well suited to seawater desalination in regions where seawater salinity is higher because they require energy-intensive pretreat- ment to avoid fouling. Desalination will also be crucial in countries such as Egypt, which face serious water deficits due to population and economic growth. In Egypt, the growing water demand can no longer be met by the Nile water supply (Yousef et al., 2007). In 2025, Egyptian water demand is expected to reach a level of 130 billion m3/year, with more than 80% used for agriculture, while water supply is currently expected to remain at 73 billion m3/yr, leaving a huge deficit (Yousef et al., 2007). 500.000 450.000 400.000 350.000 300.000 250.000 200.000 150.000 100.000 50.000 0 2000 2010 2020 2030 Efficiency Gains Unsustainable Extractions CSP Desalination Conventional Desalination Wastewater Reuse Surface Water Extractions Groundwater Extractions Figure 6 – Water demand scenario in MENA, 2000–2050 (Source: Trieb et al, 2011) 16 Water Desalination using Renewable Energy | Technology Brief 2040 2050 Water Production (million m3/y)PDF Image | Water Desalination Using Renewable Energy
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