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Wind Energy Development in the Great Lakes Region: Current Issues and Public Opinion Key Findings 1. Residents of the Great Lakes Basin overwhelmingly support increasing the use of both onshore (84%) and offshore (80%) wind power. 2. A majority of residents believe that windfarms bring more good than harm to the Region including economic benefits in the form of job creation and revenue for land owners (79%) and by helping to limit climate change (58%). 3. Residents of Ontario are more guarded in their endorsement of wind than their counterparts in the United States, being less supportive of additional wind development and more concerned about the potential negative impacts of wind energy. 4. Residents within the Basin in Illinois and Minnesota—the only two states in the Region with more wind power than Ontario—do not show the same caution toward wind as Ontarians. 5. A majority (54%) of residents in rural areas believe that wind energy produces visual impacts that reduce property values, while only 38% of residents that live in more urban areas believe the same. 6. Residents of the Region would like all levels of government—federal, state/provincial, and local—to have some role in regulating the siting of wind projects, though they see a more limited role for their federal government. There are no differences in this opinion between Ontarians and Americans, though self-reported liberals see a larger role for the federal government than conservatives, or those with “middle of the road” political views. 7. Public opinion is divided on topics that are also still being debated within the scientific community: whether wind turbines disrupt bird migration and local weather patterns, whether they reduce property values, and whether they preserve rural land. Renewable Energy Policy in the Great Lakes Region At the turn of the 21st Century, less than 0.1% of the electricity generated in the Great Lakes Region came from wind and solar energy (see Figure 4). In contrast, 59% of the Region’s electric power came from coal-fired power plants and 26% came from nuclear energy. Though scientists and policymakers have been concerned for decades about the environmental impacts of coal and nuclear power,d until recently there were few cost-competitive alternatives. As a result, electric utilities had very little impetus to invest in anything other than the status quo. Figure 4 Electricity Supply in the Great Lakes Region, 2000 Other Hydro 6% 4% Wind 5% 0.07% Nuclear 26% NG 59% Coal In the early 2000s, governments concerned about the environmental risks posed by these traditional energy sources began to adopt policies to encourage utilities to shift to renewable technologies. In the United States, the policy of choice is the renewable portfolio standard (RPS), adopted by 29 states and the District of Columbia. In general terms, this policy tool requires electric utilities operating within the state to increase the proportion of electricity that comes from renewable sources. The specifics, however, vary from place to place, not only in which technologies are considered “renewable,” but also in the overall required proportion of energy that must come from renewable sources and deadline for meeting the goal. d The smokestacks of coal-fired power plants emit airborne mercury, a byproduct of coal burning, which accumulates in the flesh of fish. For decades, residents in the Great Lakes have been cautioned to limit their intake of certain fish species caught in the Lakes to avoid the health risks associated with mercury. Risks posed by nuclear power include generation of radioactive wastes. While only a small amount of waste is generated by each plant, it remains radioactive for hundreds of thousands of years. While neither the US nor Canada yet have a permanent storage facility for the material, there has been recent controversy over a Canadian proposal to build an underground storage facility within a mile of Lake Huron. Sources: See Note 2 3PDF Image | Wind Energy Development in the Great Lakes Region
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