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Wind Energy Development in the Great Lakes Region: Current Issues and Public Opinion More residents disagree than agree (47% to 39%) that wind turbines disrupt bird migration and local weather patterns, with 14% uncertain about these environmental impacts. Here, the research is also mixed. Most studies have indicated that wind turbines can harm migrating birds, but perhaps not to the extent originally thought, and not when care is taken during siting.52 Further, new research is suggesting that wind turbines do have an impact on air temperatures and wind speed within their vicinity, suggesting the potential to alter weather patterns.53 Over half of Basin residents (54%) agree that wind turbines preserve agricultural land (i.e., from suburban development or, alternately, from abandonment), but a large number (19%) were not sure about the connection between wind energy and agricultural land preservation. While many proponents of wind energy have made vague claims of windfarms helping to prevent farmland loss, this connection is only beginning to be studied. Conclusions This report outlines the status of wind energy policy and development in the Great Lakes Region, and compares this to public opinion on wind energy within the context of existing literature. The vast majority of residents within the Basin would like to see additional onshore and offshore wind energy projects, and generally see these projects as economically and environmentally beneficial to the Region. Residents of Ontario, which has seen rapid expansion of wind energy projects, while still supporting additional wind energy, are more cautious about the negative impacts of wind energy. This reserve is not shared by residents of Illinois and Minnesota, where there is even more wind development than in Ontario, but there are some indications that residents of rural areas echo the concern. Additional research that expands the number of rural residents in the response pool would allow for verification of this potential trend. While tradition and a perceived public preference for local land-use regulation have left wind energy siting decisions in the hands of local governments in half of the states/provinces in the Region, the survey indicated wide support for both the state and federal government playing a role in siting decisions. On this question, there was no difference between Americans or Canadians in the Basin, between rural and non-rural residents, or between people in states that currently regulate at a local level versus those who live in areas where regulation is done at the state/provincial level. The only difference is between self-reported liberals, who saw a larger role for the federal government, than conservatives and those whose politics are “middle of the road.” These same questions about wind energy used in the Great Lakes Region Public Opinion Survey have been used in two subsequent surveys—one with Michigan local government policymakers and another targeted at rural residents in areas with and without wind energy development. Future reports will expand upon these findings and compare this dataset to those of the other surveys. Acknowledgements The author is grateful to Ian Rowlands, Carolyn Johns, and Cassie Brown for their insightful comments on earlier drafts of this paper. Valerie Benka, Lisa Kingsmore, and Adam Thorn provided essential input in developing the survey instrument. Finally, many thanks to Roxanne Balmas and Bonnie Roberts for their thorough editing. 15PDF Image | Wind Energy Development in the Great Lakes Region
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