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Analysis of possibilities for 1MW electricity generation from waste heat in the port of Rotterdam Page 13 1.2.1 Warmte Bedrijf (the Heating Company) One could think that the easiest way of using waste heat is to use it as heat. That’s why there is already an organisation that collects waste heat from the industry areas and it uses for homes and other businesses (e.g., hospitals) [Ref. 7]. This is the easiest way the handle waste heat but the it has a main inconvenience: the demand of heat varies greatly between winter and summer. Therefore, the idea of using waste heat to produce electricity should be regarded as complementary to the work that Warmte Bedrijf is already doing. Moreover, the return temperature of the hot source (after being used to produce electricity) is around 80oC, so it could still be used for domestic heating. 1.3 OTEC as inspiration The idea for this project came from Ocean Thermal Energy Conversion (OTEC) technology. OTEC is feasible in tropical areas around the equator, where the sea surface temperature (SST) can be as high as 28oC all year round. However, the water temperature several meters below is much colder, around 4oC. From the temperature difference of these two sources, we can generate work and thus, electricity. One of its most interesting features is that it can be a base-load energy source: it does not depend on the weather or any other source of supply – it produces power 24/7. Obviously, Rotterdam is not located anywhere near the Equator and its water temperature would not allow any OTEC plant. However, Rotterdam has an abundant supply of heat at 100oC (at least) so we should be able to use this potential to produce carbon-free electricity. There are mainly two types of OTEC plants: • Open-cycle OTEC uses warm seawater as working fluid in a flash evaporation process and its by-product is desalinated water. • Closed-cycle OTEC uses a thermodynamic cycle with an intermediate working fluid. For our application, we will look into closed-cycle technology because open-cycle presents more technical difficulties [Ref. 8] and desalinated water is not a desirable by-product in the Netherlands. There are basically three thermodynamic cycles that have been proposed for closed-cycle OTEC: Rankine, Kalina and Uehara, each of them named after its inventor.PDF Image | 1MW electricity generation from waste heat port of Rotterdam
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