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Analysis of possibilities for 1MW electricity generation from waste heat in the port of Rotterdam Page 19 There is more information of Kalina cycle in the annexes: a list of the current companies involved in Kalina technology (Annex B.4) as well as a list of other Kalina plant projects planned for the coming years (Annex B.5). 1.7 Alternative technologies for waste heat recovery 1.7.1 Thermoelectric generator (TEG) A thermoelectric generator is a piece of equipment that uses the Seebeck effect to generate electricity from a temperature difference. It is the opposite of the thermocouple, that uses electricity to determine temperature differences. Although the discovery of the Seebeck effect dates from 1821, its application in thermogenerators (an alternative way of naming them) is still in a very experimental state. A lot research is currently focused in AETEGs (Automotive Exhaust ThermoElectric Generators) – they want to use the high temperatures of the exhaust gas of automobiles to produce electricity and thus reduce fuel consumption [Ref. 23, 24, 25]. The advantages of TEGs are that they use very little space and that there are no rotating parts because the conversion is direct from heat to electricity. The main disadvantage is its high price and its low efficiency, around 5%. This type of technology will not be considered in this study due to its experimental state. 1.7.2 Stirling engine It is named after its inventor, Robert Stirling, who patented it in 1816. They present good efficiencies – in fact, they are the closest that we can get to an ideal Carnot cycle. However, as already shown in Figure 1.2, Stirling engines have much lower power output ranges. For example, GenoaStirling s.r.l. offers models ranging 0,35 kW to 7 kW [Ref. 26]. One of its most popular applications are solar dishes and in these have individual Stirling engines between 5 and 50 kW of power. If we want 1MW, we would need many small Stirling engines or a big one; but Stirling engines are more competitive below 100kW. In addition, their capital costs are much higher than ORC or Kalina’s. In conclusion, Stirling engines will not be considered in this study.PDF Image | 1MW electricity generation from waste heat port of Rotterdam
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