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Page 34 Analysis of possibilities for 1MW electricity generation from waste heat in the port of Rotterdam 3.2.2 Internal Heat Exchanger The use of an internal heat exchanger as been considered because it usually improves the efficiency of the cycle. It allows for a heat transfer between the turbine outlet flow and the pump outlet flow – it cools the low-pressure flow that need cooling and it heats the high- pressure flow that needs heating. However, Dai et al. realized a study of ORC for low grade waste heat recovery and concluded the following: Adding the internal heat exchanger would not improve the performance of the ORC system under this waste heat condition. [Ref. 30] Given that the waste heat condition of this study is similar to ours (145oC and around 16 kg/s), we consider this conclusion to be valid for our study as well. Therefore, no internal heat exchanger will be used in the ORC design. 3.3 Selection of ORC working fluid First of all, we have made a list of all organic working fluids that have been previously used for ORC studies [Ref. 43 to Ref. 49]. These are shown in table 3.1 (next page). Hung et al. [Ref 45] identified seven important factors of the ORC working fluid: toxicity, chemical stability, boiling temperature, flash point, specific heat, latent heat and thermal conductivity. We will use as first criterion the boiling point. We need fluids whose boiling point is close to the temperatures in the condenser: approx. 25oC to 40oC. All these potential working fluids have been classified in three categories: • Fluids with boiling points between 15oC and 55oC (the range of the condenser plus/minus 15oC) will be considered good candidates – they are highlighted in green in table 3.1. • Fluids with boiling points higher than 60oC and lower than 0oC will be discarded (shown in orange in table 3.1). The data for the compounds has been taken from the NIST Chemistry Webbook, a comprehensive database [Ref. 50].PDF Image | 1MW electricity generation from waste heat port of Rotterdam
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