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Analysis of possibilities for 1MW electricity generation from waste heat in the port of Rotterdam Page 39 The only parametre that has not been explained yet is the Carnot ratio. This is the ratio between the thermal efficiency and the Carnot efficiency. As we can see, the best results are achieved with R123 as working fluid. It has the best efficiencies (both energetic and exergetic). However, R123 has an ODP of 0,012 and its GWP is the seven times higher than isopentane/pentane’s (as previously shown in table 3.4). The second best results are achieved by isopentane and its thermal efficiency is only 1% lower than the efficiency of R123. In conclusion, we will choose isopentane as a working fluid for the ORC system. The Cycle-Tempo diagram with the full set of results can be found in Annex E.1 and E.2. Regarding the cost of the working fluid, we obtained a range of prices for the isopentane family, which includes pentane and cyclo-pentane. The indicative prices of [Ref. 53] show a range of 50–90 c$/lb, which equal to 80-150 c€/kg. 3.4.1 Energy and exergy diagrams Firstly, we will show the energy diagrams, for both summer in Figure 3.5 and winter in Figure 3.6. An then the exergy diagrams in Figure 3.7 for summer and Figure 3.8 in winter. Figure 3.5 – ORC Sankey energy diagram with summer conditions We can see that most of the energy transmitted by the HS ends up in the CS (yellow arrow). Another significant flow is the cumulated losses in all pipes (red arrow). Regarding the first law efficiency, we can see that it is the ratio between the FINAL ELECTRICITY GENERATION (1.002 MW) and the HOT SOURCE (10.580), which is the 9,5% we already showed in Table 3.5.PDF Image | 1MW electricity generation from waste heat port of Rotterdam
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