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Page 56 Analysis of possibilities for 1MW electricity generation from waste heat in the port of Rotterdam 5.3 Safety of working fluids Below we will list some of the safety-related features of the two chosen working fluids: ammonia for Kalina cycle and isopentane for ORC. The description of this features (the legend) can be found in Annex H.1. The main sources are: NIOSH (National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health) [Ref. 67] and the ICSC (International Chemistry Safety Card) provided by the International Labour Organization, from the U.N. 5.3.1 Ammonia NIOSH UN Hazard Class European Classification Flash point Autoignition temperature Explosive limits 11oC 651oC 15% – 28% 25 ppm / 18 mg/m3 35 ppm / 27 mg7m3 300 ppm NFPA (fire diamond) Effect on global warming Health (blue) Flammability (red) Instability/Reactivity (yellow) REL: TWA REL: STEL IDLH 2.3 – Toxic gas 8 – Corrosive (as subsidiary risk) T – Toxic C – Corrosive N – Dangerous to the Environment 3: Short exposure could cause serious temporary or moderate residual injury 1: Must be heated before ignition can occur 0: Normally stable, even under fire exposure conditions, and is not reactive with water 0 GWP 0 Table 5.3 – Summary of ammonia hazards ODP Summing up, ammonia is not a danger from the flammability point of view. Moreover, it is not a threat for global warming because its ODP and GWP are zero. On the other hand, it is, corrosive and toxic for humans and the environment. We could also argue that it is a widely used compound and that there is great expertise on how to handle it. The Safety Sheets can be found in Annex H.2.PDF Image | 1MW electricity generation from waste heat port of Rotterdam
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