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Analysis of possibilities for 1MW electricity generation from waste heat in the port of Rotterdam Page 63 CONCLUSIONS After having considered several waste heat conversion technologies, we realized the two most suitable for this application are ORC and Kalina cycle. Several working fluids were considered for the ORC and the one with the best performance (first law efficiency of almost 11% and second law efficiency of 20% to 46%) is R123. However, it is a compound that contributes to the deterioration of the ozone layer (ODP is 0,02) and its global warming effect is 76 times the effect of carbon dioxide. Therefore, we suggest that isopentane (it has the second best performance) should be the working fluid for the ORC system. We have also seen that using the thermal efficiency (or first law efficiency) is not good enough because it compares energies with different quality. Also, it gives a misguided idea that only 9% of the available energy is retrieved. When we use the exergetic efficiency (or second law efficiency) we see that at least 20% of the exergy is retrieved. We should also note that Sankey diagrams are a very useful tool to show how the energy and exergy are used and/or lost. The return temperature of the hot source is 80-85oC so it is still hot enough to be used in a residential district heating network. Financially speaking, both projects offer similar revenues, with IRRs between 6% and 6,5% with a 15 year timespan. Financial data does not help us to choose which is better. It proves, however, that the project is profitable despite the chosen technology. The average electricity price for industrial consumers is 85 €/MWh but we could even sell it at around 82 €/MWh and still be profitable. This shows us the price negotiation range. Regarding the environmental benefits, we have calculated that this waste heat recovery power plant of 1MW could save 2.575 tons of CO2 and 2,46 kg of high-radioactivity nuclear waste annually. It is my recommendation that this idea should be pursued further because we can produce electricity from waste heat and make profit.PDF Image | 1MW electricity generation from waste heat port of Rotterdam
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