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Figure 2 The geothermal condensate is mixed with the separated brine to provide the preheating medium of the organic fluid. In the ideal case, as presented in the Q/T diagram (Figure 3), the steam latent heat would be equal to the heat of vaporization of the organic fluid and the sensible heat of the brine plus condensate would be equal to the heat required to preheat the organic fluid. This "perfect" match of heat transfer between the geothermal fluid and the working fluid represents maximum thermodynamic efficiency with minimum losses. Figure 3 Recuperated Cycle [6] In most of the actual cases, the perfect match as above is not feasible, mainly because of limitation in the cooling temperature of the brine and condensate mixture. The limiting factor in most of the cases is the silica scaling risk, which is increased as the brine temperature drops. A method to partially overcoming the cooling temperature limit is to add a recuperator which provides some of the preheating heat from the vapor exiting the turbine. The recuperator is applicable when the organic fluid is of the "dry expansion" type, namely a fluid where the expansion in the turbine is done in the dry superheated zone and the expanded vapor contains heat that has to be extracted prior to the condensing stage (Figure 4). The recuperated Organic Rankine cycle is typically 10-15% more efficient than the simple Organic Rankine cycle (Figure 5). This applies also to the two-phase geothermal power plant. Figure 4PDF Image | Advanced Organic Rankine Cycles in Binary Geothermal
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