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ANALYSIS AND OPTIMIZATION OF DENSE GAS FLOWS: APPLICATION TO ORGANIC RANKINE CYCLES TURBINES

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ANALYSIS AND OPTIMIZATION OF DENSE GAS FLOWS: APPLICATION TO ORGANIC RANKINE CYCLES TURBINES ( analysis-and-optimization-dense-gas-flows-application-to-org )

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post-shock separations due to shock/boundary layer interaction are also greatly reduced, ensuring satisfactory lift and aerodynamic efficiency at flow conditions where the aerodynamic performance of perfect gas flows suffers from shock stall. The main results of [41] will be widely presented in Chapter 4. In 2005, Cinnella [44] presented an extension of classical Roe’s scheme to real gas flows. A simplification to Roe’s linearization procedure is proposed, which does not satisfy the U-property exactly, but significantly reduces complexity and computational costs. Guardone & Argrow [45] investigated the nonclassical gasdynamic behavior of different fluorinated substances using different thermodynamic models of increasing complexity. A strong dependence on the acentric factor of the substance is revealed, which makes the fluids made of nonpolar molecules with nearly spheroidal shape as the most favorable to exhibit nonclassical gasdynamic behavior. In [49] the van der Waals polytropic gas model is used to investigate the role of attractive and repulsive intermolecular forces and the influence of molecular complexity on the possible nonclassical gas dynamic behavior of vapors near the liquid-vapor saturation curve. Results of the exact solution to the problem of a finite pressure perturbation traveling in a still fluid are presented for the ideal gas, for the dense gas and for the nonclassical gas behavior. Colonna & Al. [50] presented the development of technical equations of state for any siloxanes, that present BZT properties and have some positive technological characteristics (because of their low toxicity, excellent thermal stability, limited flammability). Available measured properties are critically evaluated and selected for the optimization of the equation of state parameters. The improvement obtained with this equations are significant. In [51] Guardone presented a recently developed experimental technique to generate and visualize spherical compression waves in a BZT gas. Flow simulations were performed to evaluate the potential of using this experimental arrangement to investigate the formation and propagation of nonclassical waves. In [54] Colonna & Al. presented the evaluation of the influence of different equations of state (EoS) on the computed aerodynamic performance and the test case is a 2D nozzle blade of an existing ORC turbine operated with the siloxane MDM as working fluid. Cramer [56] presented Rayleigh flows of single-phase, nonreacting fluids when a BZT fluid is considered. Exact solutions for Van der Waals gases are provided and a complete theory of shocked and unshocked flows subjected to strict heating or strict cooling is developed. 26

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