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1. Introduction 1.1. Background The global warming and the climate change is one of the most discussed topics in the scientific community. Major evidence shows that the global warming is caused by an increased concentration level of green house gases (GHG) in the atmosphere. This increase is almost entirely caused by human activities and partly due to electricity and heat generation from fossil fuels. The Nobel Prize winner Dr. Rajendra Pachauri, chairman of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC), has made statements like “Today, the time for doubt has passed. The IPCC has unequivocally affirmed the warming of our climate system, and linked it directly to human activity” and “Slowing or even reversing the existing trends of global warming is the defining challenge of our age.”, [1]. Statements like this, along with observed effects of increasing intense of tropical cyclones , sea level rise, melting of the artic cap etc, [2] have consolidate governments and nations to take joint measures to reduce the emissions of anthropogenic GHG to the atmosphere in order to mitigate the climate change. In September 2007 the Swedish Scientific Council on Climate Issues released a report with scientific recommendation for future Swedish climate policy targets at national, EU and international levels, [3]. The council concludes that the EU’s target of limiting the increase of the global mean temperature to 2°C above pre-industrial values is a reasonable basis for emission reduction measures. This target is likely to be achieved if GHG concentration in the atmosphere is stabilized at 400 ppmv1 carbon dioxide equivalents in 2050. To achieve this global GHG concentration, the emissions by the year 2050 needs to be at least halved compared to the 1990 level and by the end of the century global emissions need to have been reduced to almost zero, [3]. One issue is to decide which measures to prioritize. According to the council a combination of increasing energy efficiency with the use of present and future technologies along with a fundamental reform of consumptions patterns is crucial to achieve the target, [3]. A part of the reduction might be achieved with the replacement of fossil based power generation methods with renewable energy technologies as bio energy, solar energy, wind power and hydro power. Since Sweden has large biomass assets, bio energy will probably provide a large part of the renewable energy in the future, except for the already commercial hydro power. To achieve cost-effective generation and minimize the environmental impact it is a basic requirement to make use of the heat which often is formed when generating electricity from 1 The present values is 450ppmv 1PDF Image | Biomass Based Small Scale Combined Heat and Power Tech
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