Biomass Based Small Scale Combined Heat and Power Tech

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Biomass Based Small Scale Combined Heat and Power Tech ( biomass-based-small-scale-combined-heat-and-power-tech )

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biomass (combined heat and power). To ensure outlet of this heat, generation would favorable be of small-scale. In addition the biomass low energy density would favor generation located at rural areas which often are rich on biomass, thus minimizing fuel transports but also encourage rural development by creating job opportunities. At present, the biomass usage is under strong progress in Sweden, in particularly the heat only plant expansion, [4]. Unfortunately biomass based combined heat and power (CHP) is not as prevalent much because it has to compete with already established heat only plants and with technologies such as hydro- and nuclear power, which generally generates less expensive electricity. Yet the introduction of green electricity certificates along with rising electric prices will increase the profit electricity generation, thus be advantageous for expansion of biomass based small-scale combined heat and power. This expansion has already been seen in other European countries, for example Austria, Germany and Italy etc, which currently have higher electricity prices compared to Sweden, [5]. Green Electricity Certificates In May 2003 the Swedish parliament introduced a green electricity certificate system with the ambition to encourage the production of renewable electricity (incl. peat). The aim of the certificate system is to increase the generation of renewable electricity with 17 TWh by 2016 relative to the generation level in 2002. The government grants one green electricity certificate per produced MWhel renewable electricity. Technologies that are entitled for certificates are: • Wind power • Solar energy • Wave energy • Geothermal energy • Biomass fuels1 • Peat, burned in CHP plants • Hydro power There commissioned after the first of May 2003 are entitled to certificates for 15 years or to the end of 2030 if that occurs earlier. Plants commissioned before the introduction of the certificate systems are granted certificates to the end of 2012. Plants that at the time of their construction or conversion received a public investment grant after February 15th 1998 are entitled to certificate until the end of 2014, [6]. are some restrictions on the rights to receive certificates. For example plants 1 Electricity produced from biofuels are entitled to certificates under Ordinance 2003:120 presented online at http://www.notisum.se/rnp/sls/lag/20030113.HTM 2

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