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1.2. Objective As mentioned there are numerous different technologies for small scale biomass based combined heat and power generation. The main objective of this study is to perform an impartial investigation of the state-of-the-art in the area both from a technological and economic perspective. The investigation should point out possible technical obstacles for commercialization of the considered technologies and in addition determine where future R&D should be directed. In more detail this study will focus on: • Summarize national and international R&D and collect information of economic and operational experiences of biomass based CHP technologies in the thermal output range of 1-5 MWth • Identify future technological improvements and pin-point where future research should be focused One of the most suitable counties for CHP expansion in Sweden, is Norrbotten which has large assets of biomass and many decentralized communities. Therefore it comes naturally that some of the state-of-the-art in the area could be demonstrated here. If the CHP expansion is to fully satisfy the potential market, difficult fuel like forest residue must probably be utilized. Since the CHP technologies have to compete with pellets manufactures, pulp mills and saw mills for the quality biomass and such companies in general outrival CHP plants because they can afford to pay a higher price for the biomass. It is therefore of great interest to identify the most suitable technologies that can handle local conditions and from there resolve a plan for future demonstration and implementation of the technologies. Hence additional objectives with this study is to identify the most promising technologies from a Swedish perspective with focus on achieving economic viability with present and future condition on the electricity market and electricity certificate system. The additional objectives are in more detail to: 1.3. • • Identify suitable technologies for biomass fired CHP plants in the Northern region of Sweden Perform a techno-economic pre-study of a plant located in Harads, Norrbotten Methods Initially an extensive literature study on different combined heat and power technologies that are available or under development was carried out. The technologies that were regarded are shown in Figure 1.3 along with their typical electric power ranges. Still as mentioned this study focus on state-of-the-art in the area of small scale CHP generation within the region of 1-5 MWth therefore some of the technologies were discarded directly. The steam turbines was discarded from the start because of poor economic viability in sizes under 1000 kWel, much because of scale-factors but also due to decreasing efficiencies in smaller sizes, [7]. The Stirling engine was also discarded without further investigation since the developers of this technology only seem to focus on application under 1 MWth. Finally the gas turbine or 5PDF Image | Biomass Based Small Scale Combined Heat and Power Tech
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