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2. Power Generation Process via Combustion Methods to extract heat through combustion of biomass have been used for centuries and the different technologies for this can be considered well developed. At present a large focus is put on electricity production from biomass which is not as well developed and thus requires large R&D efforts. The most common power generation method from biomass today is the Rankine cycle, but the technology is rarely used in small scale application since it tends to be less profitable in sizes below 10 MWel. The reason is mainly down-scaling effects but also because of a reduction in efficiencies for smaller plants. Still there are some other technologies available for cogeneration in the considered small scale power range the: • Organic Rankine Cycle (ORC) Chapter 2.1 • Steam Engines Chapter 2.2 • Externally Fired Gas Turbines (EFGT) Chapter 2.3 All of the above mentioned processes could in theory be combined with conventional biomass furnaces. In Appendix G direct combustion and most common biomass furnaces are described and discussed. 2.1. Organic Rankine Cycle The Organic Rankine Cycle (ORC) is based on the ordinary Rankine cycle, with the difference that instead of water an organic working medium is vaporized, [11]. Since the organic medium has a lower boiling point than water, the ORC has the advantage of using heat sources with substantially lower temperature than in the case of a steam cycle. In the past, the most common way to utilize the ORC technology has been with a geothermal heat source, taking advantage of the low temperature capacity of the ORC. Another approach has been to utilize ORC systmes in the heavy industry, by using waste heat to generate electricity. There have also been technologies utilizing solar energy combined with an ORC, [11, 12]. Companies as Turboden S.r.l, Conpower Energieanlagen and Ormat, Inc have developed small ready to plug-in modules for this kind of applications, [7, 13]. Nevertheless there have been developments on the subject of biomass fired ORC plants, especially in the medium range (200 – 2000 kWel) where the ORC technology already have been established on the market as a commercial CHP method, [14]. 10PDF Image | Biomass Based Small Scale Combined Heat and Power Tech
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