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Figure 2.2 T-S diagram for a typical ORC-cycle with superheating and recuperator, [17] The recuperation illustrated by the line h7-h8 in Figure 2.2 is used to heat up the saturated fluid described by h3-h2. The thermal efficiency can be described as in Equation 2.1. ηtot = h6 − h7 − wpump (2.1) h6−h3 The main advantages of the ORC-cycle is the good partial load behavior and fairly good electrical efficiency, which is about 15% of fuel input and constant down to half load. The technology is also considered robust having long service life and relatively low maintenance cost. ORC-cycles can also operate fully automatic and unmanned, thus the technique requires very few personnel, [18]. The main drawback of using silicon oils as working medium is that it is gaseous at room temperature and highly flammable. The main reason for using thermal oil instead of water in the boiler is that the oil system operates pressure-less at the considered temperatures span of 250-300 °C. This minimizes the wear in the cycle and prolonging the lifetime of the boiler and as there is no high pressure levels no license is needed to operate the boiler, as for steam boilers in many countries. Still the thermo-oil cycle demands higher security measures regarding leakage than water or steam, [16]. Economic Evaluation To find out how well the ORC competes with other CHP technologies an economic evaluation was done. The method of separating the costs for electricity production from the heat part (explained in Chapter 1.3) was used to calculate the cost of electricity. Calculations 13PDF Image | Biomass Based Small Scale Combined Heat and Power Tech
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