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Technology Figure 2.6 Lienz ORC plant, Austria, [23] The plant was constructed with two biomass boilers, one hot water boiler with a nominal thermal output of 7000 kWth and one thermal oil boiler with a nominal thermal output of 6000 kWth. The thermal oil boiler is linked to the ORC-cycle with a nominal electric power of 1000 kWel, supplied by the Italian manufacture Turboden s.r.l. Two economizer units with nominal thermal outputs of 500 kWth and 1500 kWth were installed for the thermal oil and hot water boiler respectively. Moreover a 350 kWth solar collector was installed on the roof. For peak loads and stand-by system an oil boiler with a nominal thermal outputs of 11 000 kWth is used. The ORC-cycle flow sheet is the same as for the Admont plant except for the air pre- heater, shown in Figure 2.1, [23]. System Performance The Lienz plant has been in continuous operation since the year 2002, and as the Admont plant it is operated fully heat controlled. The plant is able to operate in fully automatic mode, even under start-up and shut down procedure, [19]. The thermal efficiency of the thermal oil boiler was measured to 84 % which is substantially higher than for the Admont plant (70-75%). This could be explained by the air pre-heater utilized. The overall electric efficiency (electric energy out/ fuel energy in) amounts to 15 % at nominal load (1 MWel). The electric efficiency of the ORC cycle is 18%, which is the same as for the Admont plant. At half nominal load (0.5 MWel) the overall electric efficiency drops to 14 %, which again shows the ORC good partial load efficiencies, [23]. Tests also show that the plant can be operated at 120% of its nominal electric power. This can be very helpful during winter months when the demand is high, [18]. Currently the district heating network is expanded, in the final phase the plant is expected to run about 5000 hours per year. Economic Evaluation The base investment amounts to 8 959 k€ which includes the thermal oil boiler, hot water boiler (HWB) and backup boiler was divided into a heat and electricity producing part, [19]. The annual operation-, consumption- and capital costs was also regarded separately for the 20PDF Image | Biomass Based Small Scale Combined Heat and Power Tech
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