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2.3. Externally Fired Gas Turbines The EFGT is not a new concept, as several EFGT plants where build between the years 1930- 1960. At this time they were used to fire fuels like coal, mine gas and blast furnace gas. Nevertheless, accessibility and reduction in costs of “clean” fossil fuels like natural gas and oil, which could be burnt in internally fired gas turbines lead to a diminish of interest in EFGT technology, [28]. At present, a new grown interest in the EFGT technology has flourished, much thanks to increasing oil and gas prices but also due to increasing focus on environmental friendly energy. The idea is to utilize an EFGT with renewable biomass. The technology is currently under development by several institutes and companies, for example University of Rostock, the Swedish Royal Institute of Technology, Talbotts Biomass Energy and Compower AB. Yet Talbotts Biomass Energy is the only company that could be identified with a commercial module currently available. Since there is only one company with a commercial module this chapter will include some promising EFGT-system under development. 2.3.1. Process Description There are two main types of EFGT technologies, the open cycle and the closed cycle. The closed cycle has the higher total efficiency, while the open cycle has higher electrical efficiency. Both types of EFGT are presented in Figure 2.11a along with an ordinary direct fired gas turbine in Figure 2.11b. The main difference between an EFGT and a common internally fired gas turbine is the combustion occurs outside the working fluid circuit in an EFGT. The heat from the combustion is transferred through a heat exchanger to the compressed working fluid. The working fluid is expanded in the turbine and later cooled in a heat exchanger (e.g. district heat circuit) before fed to the compressor again. The principles for open cycle is the same as for the closed with the exception of that the working fluid (usually air) after expansion is used either as combustion air in the furnace or just cooled and fed to a stack, see Figure 2.13. Figure 2.11 a) Closed or open externally fired gas turbine b) Directly fired gas turbine, [28] 27PDF Image | Biomass Based Small Scale Combined Heat and Power Tech
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