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3. Power Generation Process via Gasification Gasification is the process that converts biomass to a combustible gas called product gas. Product gas typically contains 70-80% of the energy initially present in the biomass feedstock. Gasification can be seen as a form of pyrolysis, with the difference that gasification is carried out with more air and higher temperature to optimize the gas production. In order to produce a combustible product gas, the biomass needs to be heated. This is usually done by burning a small portion of the feedstock. Initially the heat dries the fuel and first at a temperature of about 200°C the pyrolysis process starts. In the pyrolysis process the volatile constituents of the fuel are vaporized, the vapors consist of carbon monoxide, hydrogen, methane, carbon dioxide, volatile tars and water. The solid residue of the process consists of char coal, [9, 36]. The charcoal can be converted to product gas in a process commonly called conversion. Conversion is done by adding gasification agent in general air, carbon dioxide, or water vapor. If using the two latter, the process requires temperatures above approximately 800°C. In the process the charcoal reacts with oxygen to produce a product gas consisting of carbon monoxide, hydrogen and methane. These combustible gases constitute roughly 40% of the total gas volume when using air as gasification agent. The residual part consists of incombustible gases as nitrogen and carbon dioxide. In addition most of the tars form the pyrolysis can be converted to gas if they are heated up about 900-1200 °C by passing through a hot char gasification zone, [9]. In a combustion process pyrolysis also occurs, however the pyrolytic vapors are immediately ignited and burned at temperature of 1500°C to 2000°C. Hence, it could be said that gasification is a controlled combustion. Gasification has the advantage that the gas is more versatile than the original solid biomass, allowing it to be used in gas turbines or gas engines for electricity production, [9, 36]. 3.1. Common Gas Generators At present there are numerous different commercial gasifiers. The main gasifier types that are used in biomass based small-scale CHP applications are fixed bed updraft, fixed bed downdraft and fluidized bed gasifiers. The main factors when choosing the type of gasifier is obvious the specific cost, but also how well suited the gasifier is for the considered feedstock and which gas-quality the electricity generating system requires. Specifications of different 36PDF Image | Biomass Based Small Scale Combined Heat and Power Tech
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