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3.3. Gas Engines Gas engine CHP plants are based on the method of gasify biomass to product gas, which is later used as a fuel in a gas engine. The engine is usually of spark ignition (Otto) or compression ignition (diesel) type, [7]. The main advantages for the gas engine system are its high electrical efficiency of about 0.3 and its possibility to use wet fuels. Moreover the gas engine is a very reliable and well known technique. As for all small scale CHP system the largest problem for the gas engine system is its poor economic viability. Nevertheless, green electricity certificate and higher electricity prices will probably make this technology interesting in the future. Another drawback is the security issue accompanied gasification based CHP, since the technology is complex leakage of poisonous gas could be a problem. Thus, the process often requires trained and certified personnel, [7]. At present Austria, Finland and Denmark are in the forefront regarding gas engine based CHP plants. Some plants are listed in Table 3.1 and a more comprehensive list can be found in Appendix A. Table 3.1 Gasification based CHP plants located in Europe Plant Energía Natural de Mora, S.L, Spain MOVIALSA IBGPP, Spain Harboøre, Denmark Kokemäki,Finland Gjol, denmark Marienbourg, Belgien Gussing, Austria 3.3.1. Process Description Figure 3.4 shows the basic idea of a general gas engine based CHP system. Biomass is fed into the gasifier were it is converted to product gas. The generated gas passes through a tar cracker which decomposes the heavy tars to lighter hydrocarbons. After that, the gas is cooled before it passes through a gas filter which removes the remainder of the particles present in the gas. Further downstream the gas is fed to a gas tank, which acts like buffer for the gas engine. The engine is connected to a generator which produces electricity and the exhaust gas from the gas engine is cooled by the district heating network before fed to the stack, in addition the gas engine itself could be cooled by the same district heating network, [9]. Contractor EQTEC and ENAMORA EQTEC and ENAMORA Babcock Wilcox volund asp VTT Novel power plant T.K energi Pel Pth [kW] [kW] 500 650 5922 6588 1500 3200 1800 3300 700 1100 700 1200 Xylowatt S.A Belgien Nenet 2000 4500 39PDF Image | Biomass Based Small Scale Combined Heat and Power Tech
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