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The economic comparison shows that the electricity price or green electricity certificate value must increase by at least 35 €/MWhel to make either of the considered technologies economically viable. The major holdback is the annual operation hours, which usually not exceed 5000 when using a district heating network as heat sink. However profitability could be reach if linked with the industry (e.g. saw and pulp mills), thus allowing the plant to operate over 7000 hours per year and in addition a higher electric price could be accepted if sold to direct the industry. Table 6.1 shows a summary of the power range along with advantages and drawbacks for the considered CHP technologies in this study. Table 6.1 Summary of the considered CHP technologies Technology Advantages & drawbacks Power range [kWel] Cost range [€/MWhel] Min Max 130 150 120 146 + - Min Low electric efficiency Highly flammable working fluid Under development Sensitive to dirty fuels Sensitive to dirty fuels (Poor partial load behavior) High COE Poor market competition Max Good partial load behavior Robust Automatic operation Insensitive to fuel change High electric efficiency Atmospheric combustion Low COE Engine is well developed Process steam Robust 30 2000 90 10 500 70 75 5500 76 400 2500 118 ORC EFGT Gas Engines Steam Engine For the Harads plant an ORC was chosen as the most suitable system. The results shows that the plant will generate profit, but the electricity part is still unprofitable and will therefore decrease the profit of the plant compared to a heat only plant of the same size. This does not mean that an installation is out of the question. Since the result from the sensitivity analysis shows that the annual operation hours have the most influence on the COE. Therefore it should be studied how to increase the annual operational hours for the plant, this could for example be increased by selling heat to some other industry, for example pellets factory. If the hours could be increased to ~8000 and the electricity price would reach European levels even such a small plant as Harads would be profitable. Another approach that should be considered is to utilize direct vaporization of the organic working fluid at the furnace. This might reduce the investment of the plant and therefore give a lower COE. 62PDF Image | Biomass Based Small Scale Combined Heat and Power Tech
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