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Downdraft In a downdraft gasifier the fuel is fed from the top of the gasifier. The air is usually injected in the middle section. Since the product gas is removed at the bottom the pyrolysis products must flow co-currently through the hot gasification and combustion zones allowing the tars to decompose and oxidize. Consequently the downdraft gasifier is good for fuels that produce much tar, such as wood. The drawbacks are that in general it is not suitable for fuels with a low ash melting point. Further it is sensible to fuels with moisture contents above 20 % wt. The downdraft gasifier handles particle sizes in the range of 20-100 mm and produces a gas with a temperature of approximately 700 °C. Figure 8.4 illustrates a downdraft gasifier, [9, 14]. Downdraft gasification is suitable for fuel power below 1 MW, [58]. Figure 8.4 Downdraft gasifier, [59] Fluidized Bed In a fluidized bed gasifier the gasification agent air steam or oxygen and biomass are mixed in a hot bed of solid material, for example sand. Due to high velocities and heavy mixing there are no distinguishable zones as for the fixed bed gasifiers. Fluidized bed gasifier can be divided into bubbling fluidized-bed (BFB) and circulating fluidized bed (CFB). In a bubbling fluidized bed gasifier (Figure 8.5A) the gasification agent is introduced with high speed at the bottom resulting in a fluidization of the bed where the fuel is fed in. The product gas is drawn from the top. Good mixing results in high heat and material transfer rates between gases and fuel particles it also ensures an even temperature distribution throughout the reactor. Due to good mixing and high product gas temperatures tars are exposed to thermal cracking. This results in a product gas with low tar content. An abundance of partly reacted particles exits with the product gas however some of these are collected in a cyclone and returned to the reactor, [14, 59]. In a circulating fluidized bed gasifier (Figure 8.5B), the fluidizing gas is introduced at an even higher velocity. Resulting in a higher specific throughput, consequently more particles exits 90PDF Image | Biomass Based Small Scale Combined Heat and Power Tech
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