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the OFC, the inefficiency of the process is concentrated only in the throttling valve of the flash evaporator. Theoretical analyses conducted by Dr. Ho demonstrate that the basic design of the OFC has the same overall efficiency as the basic ORC7. However, due to its innovative design, the OFC can be modified beyond its basic design to yield greater efficiency than the basic ORC. In theoretical terms, Dr. Ho has developed four variants of the OFC that show promising results compared to the basic ORC. The four variants are the “Modified OFC”, the “Double-flash OFC”, the “Two-phase OFC”, and the “Modified Two-phase OFC”. Table 1 summarizes the main characteristics of each variant including an assessment of any additional components required. Additional Components Required Incremental Efficiency over the ORC Availability of Components OFC Variant Double-flash OFC Modified OFC Two-phase OFC 2 flash evaporators, 1 additional turbine 1 flash evaporator, 1 turbine 1 flash evaporator, and 1 two-phase expander 5-7% 9-13% 15-18% All components are readily available All components are readily available Two-phase expanders are under development Modified Two-phase OFC 1 flash evaporator, 1 two-phase expander, and 1 turbine 15-23% Two-phase expanders are under development Table 1. OFC Variants and Additional Components Required by Each Variant Based on the data presented in Table 1, we identified the Modified OFC as the most attractive variation of the OFC. We selected the Modified OFC as our MVP because the additional components required are readily available in the marketplace and when used with aromatic hydrocarbons, can yield an incremental 9-13% efficiency over the basic ORC. All of the other variations of the OFC that were considered had critical limitations that led us to not select them as our MVP. For instance, while the Double-flash OFC is comprised of components that are readily available in the market, the incremental efficiency over the basic ORC is only 5-7%. The Two-phase OFC and the Modified Two-phase OFC are appealing given that both variations can potentially yield greater efficiencies than the Modified OFC. However, both of these variations of OFC technology require the use of Two-phase expanders (see Glossary for more details), which are not commercially viable yet.8 Ultimately the Modified OFC requires the fewest number of additional components over and beyond the basic ORC and is the least technologically complex variation. Combined with the potential for a 9-13% incremental efficiency, the Modified OFC is the best variation of the OFC options and hence our MVP. 5PDF Image | ElectraTherm Commissions 10 Green Machines
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