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Some interconnections have been proposed but are not considered to be economically feasible. A St. Vincent–Grenadines utility study on the feasibility of interconnecting the small grids among the Grenadine islands in early 2009 found it was not cost effective (Government of St. Vincent and the Grenadines 2010, p. 28). The following regional interconnections have been studied and are considered feasible. • Dominica–Martinique: 100 MW, 70 km—geothermal power export, marginally economical if displaced fuel is gas from the Eastern Caribbean Gas Pipeline; more economical if displaced fuel is more costly (Nexant 2010, p. 1.8) • Dominica–Guadeloupe: 100 MW, 70 km—geothermal power export, moderately economical if displaced fuel is gas from ECGP, more economical if displaced fuel more costly (Nexant 2010, p. 1.8) • Saba–St. Maarten: 100 MW, 60 km—geothermal power export, highly economical if displaced fuel is distillate and St. Maarten can accept 100 MW (Nexant 2010, p. 1.8) Conclusions The Caribbean islands possess a great potential for power generation from renewable energy sources and improvements in energy efficiency. Many of the islands in the eastern Caribbean have excellent geothermal prospects, and all boast tropical climates presenting consistent wind and solar resource availability. Although the measurable impact on carbon emissions might be small as compared to the world as a whole, these islands present opportunities to demonstrate renewable energy, energy efficiency, and low-carbon energy practices and technologies that could scale up to make a great impact on the rest of the world. Apart from the environmental benefits, another major opportunity is the reduction of dependence on imported fossil fuels for power generation and use as transport fuel. The high cost of this foreign-sourced power has been a drain on island economies for decades. Based on the regional energy-policy assessment, there exist a number of energy policy assistance entities or initiatives such as the CARICOM Energy Program, OECS, OAS CSEP, CREDP/GIZ, and UN entities that have been critical to the development of Caribbean-wide regional policy documents and projects. Unfortunately, the current reality in the nations under the scope of this study is that very limited renewable energy technologies have been deployed, with some exceptions as the Maddens Wind Farm on the island of Nevis. In recent years, some of the region’s island governments have increased their efforts, and several national energy policies or sustainable energy plans call for a re- evaluation of the current utility generation capacity mix and the current energy sector mode of operation and management. It is important to continue the programs that provide the technical support to address the prevailing barriers toward sustainable energy development in the region. The wide range of activities covered by such programs, however, often diminishes the effectiveness of these programs due to program overlap and occasional conflict. Currently, it is difficult to assess the effectiveness of ongoing programs such as the CARICOM Energy Program, the CREDP/GIZ, and the OAS CSEP as these programs are relatively new. In the next decade, an evaluation of the impacts more likely will be possible. Meanwhile new initiatives are being launched, including the Energy and Climate Partnership of the Americas’ Caribbean Initiative (ECPA Caribbean Initiative) that should serve as continuum and support, and be a complementing mechanism to existing programs. During the past 30 years, the energy policies introduced in the seven project countries have not lead to intended changes in the energy sector. A common feature among the project countries is that—after 30 xxxiiPDF Image | Energy Policy and Analysis Caribbean
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