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years of efforts and attempts to change the course of the energy sector towards a sustainable energy scenario—all of the islands remain greatly dependent on imported fossil fuels. For real change to occur, energy development must be considered to be a matter of national security. Recommendations This report makes the following recommendations to improve national and regional energy policy development. To make an impact, strategic energy plans (NEPs and SEPs) must be published and made available publically. Of course, having a plan is not enough. Governments should develop the supporting capacities and regulations required to ensure implementation. On many islands, there is a lack of direct government oversight of utility operation. There often is little regulation and minimal legislation to bind utilities to a certain standard of operation. Furthermore, there also often are few binding industry codes (e.g., building codes, efficiency codes, interconnection standards) to govern growth. Without addressing such potential deficiencies, any other national and regional energy policy will be stalled, and progress will be slow. Caribbean islands have the potential to lead the world to a new energy future, but this will not happen without consistent, thoughtful policies and plans. For each nation, a statement of energy policy complemented with a plan of action and, in some cases, targeted renewable energy development laws (e.g., geothermal development bills), have become key instruments for making progress toward fulfilling a country’s energy potential. Caribbean nations that do not have both an updated national energy policy and energy action plan should consider formalizing energy policies by drafting these documents. Organizations such as CREDP/GTZ and OAS/CSEP should be leveraged for the development of these plans, as these organizations have expertise in policy development and considerable experience in the Caribbean. Additionally, the support organizations should strive to better communicate and coordinate with each other regional organizations to facilitate a clear understanding of energy policy concepts as applied to the Caribbean. Nations that are developing or revising energy policy can look to specific attributes of other NEPs and EAPs used in the Caribbean region as examples. Some important attributes are listed below. • Governments and stakeholders should identify sources of funding and expertise in their EAP. The draft NEP of the Bahamas and adopted EAP for SVG both identify sources of international expertise and funding for proposed projects (NEPC 2008, pp. 14–26, 28; Government of St. Vincent and the Grenadines 2010, pp. 26, 29). • Governments and stakeholders should prioritize between the near-term and long-term actions defined in an EAP. Some plans drafted in the early 2000s, such as the SEPs created by St. Lucia and Grenada, specified actions but did not set priorities among them. More current plans, such as the EAP for SVG, delineate short- , medium- , and long-term actions. Early wins are important in developing credibility and maintaining support for any multiyear plan. • Experts should create a baseline and forecast or back cast possible energy scenarios. If critical data is available, then scenario forecasting provides a useful means to understand the possible impact of various actions, policy decisions, and outcomes. It is especially important to formulate a business-as- usual scenario to provide a baseline. By developing a baseline, stakeholders are able to test and xxxiiiPDF Image | Energy Policy and Analysis Caribbean
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