Energy Policy and Analysis Caribbean

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Energy Policy and Analysis Caribbean ( energy-policy-and-analysis-caribbean )

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monthly consumption tranches. Using the general purposes tariff and assuming the minimum consumption, the typical price of electricity in Antigua and Barbuda is U.S. $0.3778 per kilowatt-hour (Contreras 2010). 3.1.4 Electricity Demand Figure 5 shows electricity consumption during the last 30 years. The electricity demand versus supply ratio has been very small, which creates a delicate situation if there is a shortage of oil supply to satisfy basic energy needs. An extension of the trend observed in the figure will be complex to sustain in the mid and long term without a change in the energy matrix as an effective way to respond to the current oil prices trend. Figure 5. Consumption and generation of electricity on Antigua and Barbuda ! 3.1.5 Energy Efficiency Inefficiency of electrical supply appears to be a significant problem for the APUA. Transmission and distribution losses were 24% in 2010 (Antiguan Power and Utility Authority March 2010). Furthermore, no demand-management initiatives are known to exist. 3.1.6 Building Codes The nation has adopted the OECS model building codes, but the codes generally do not appear to be enforced in Barbuda (Benjamin 2001). A World Bank study remarked that, in both Antigua and Barbuda, effectively “no inspections are carried out” during construction (The International Bank for Reconstruction and Development 2006). The Physical Planning Act of 2003 gives the government administrative power to regulate “the design and construction of buildings and the provision of services, fittings, and equipment,” including “materials, insulation, lighting and ventilation of rooms; electrical installations, wiring and supply of electricity” (Parliament of Antigua and Barbuda 2003, p. 63). It is not known, however, whether this law has been implemented to establish building codes, or whether the current minister of physical planning is working with the Sustainable Energy Desk or National Energy Task Force on this issue. 17

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