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provid[ing] advice on energy-related issues and activities by, inter alia, creating a discussion forum among governmental institutions, the private sector and public stakeholders in Antigua and Barbuda; function[ing] as an observer body at the national level, in order to assist the Ministry with responsibility for Public Utilities and other national authorities in the reasonable implementation and monitoring of energy related policies and laws; propos[ing] standards for service quality and pricing systems and collaborate with APUA, the Attorney General’s Chambers and relevant regional international agencies in order to review and amend the existing legal and regulatory framework; and collect[ing] relevant energy data on a regular basis, in order to support the planning and evaluation activities. Its responsibilities also are elaborated to include: • Mandating and coordinating studies on energy resources, generation, transformation, and marketing in close cooperation with the responsible operating agencies; • Promoting and monitoring power sector demand-side management programs and other programs designed to encourage the purchase and adoption of energy efficient appliances by final energy users; and • Organizing energy-awareness campaigns and capacity-building events and disseminating appropriate information to the private and public sectors.14 It appears that, in some respects, the SEU should undertake some of the responsibilities of Public Utilities Commissions seen across region by “mandating and coordinating studies on energy resources, generation, transformation” and promoting and monitoring power sector demand-side management programs. This entity, however, is by no means independent; it has no authority to perform functions such as making binding decisions, setting standards, fixing tariff rates, or mediating between the utility company and the consumer. Perhaps the drafters did not intend for the SEU to be compared to an independent utilities commission, but it is quite clear that such a commission is needed. The NEP failed to make such an important provision and, despite including a role for the SEU, it appears that governance behavior regarding energy management will remain “business as usual.” It further could be argued that the existence of both a Task Force and the SEU could prove unduly bureaucratic and otherwise challenging, because the NEP does not clearly identify the hierarchy of responsibility or chain of command for these institutions. The inclusion of the ECERA in the NEP could bode well for cooperation and integration efforts among OECS member states in relation to energy management, and certainly could represent at the sub- regional level that independent body which is absent on a domestic level. Care must be taken, however, that the establishment of the ECERA does not become an excuse for inaction on key issues at the domestic level. The policy on the transportation sector is subdivided into ground transportation, aviation transportation, and environment and transport. In this respect, the government will “take a lead in the application of efficient vehicles and cleaner fuels within its fleet. Capitalizing on the country’s small size and relatively flat terrain, the Government shall explore the feasibility of introducing electric cars” (Singh 2009, p. 29). Given that, in its National Communications to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change, the government indicated that the transportation section is one largest sources of 14 Supra note 9. 24PDF Image | Energy Policy and Analysis Caribbean
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