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results are unbelievable in terms of size, sweetness and rate of growth” (“Global,” 2007). Dr. Craven’s team in Hawaii has grown grapes for wine in 120 days using Deep Ocean Water Agriculture. The normal gestation period for grapes is 240 days. ColdAGTM , therefore, can produce three grape crops per year instead of just one. The possibility now exists to turn coastal regions near deep cold water into very productive agricultural communities. Countries like Haiti, with deep water very close to shore, have poor soil conditions exacerbated by deforestation. Deep Ocean Water Agriculture may possibly be able to restart their agriculture industry. Aside from the agriculture benefit, the mineral rich seawater may also be used in mariculture farms to increase algae production for biofuels and an abundant food supply of fish and shellfish. More information on this benefit may be obtained from the Common Heritage Corporation website. This corporation was founded by Dr. Craven and is based in Honolulu, Hawaii USA. 7 - Hydrothermal Health Centers The mineral rich seawater may be used to promote health in humans. Commonly used in Thalasso therapy, trace elements of magnesium, potassium, calcium, sodium, and iodine found in seawater are believed to be absorbed through the skin. The therapy is applied in various forms, such as warmed seawater showers. Thalasso therapy may be an effective revenue and occupancy generator for deep ocean water resorts as is demonstrated in Bora Bora (“InterContinental,” 2007). 8 - Increased Atmospheric Carbon Absorption Currently, there is an estimated 8 billion tons of CO2 outflow per year into the atmosphere while only 3 billion tons of CO2 inflow is being absorbed by the oceans and land (Senge et al. 2008). The 5 billion tons of atmospheric CO2 imbalance presents a serious challenge to human society. Returning the ocean water after using it thermally is an important part of environmentally responsible Hydrothermal Energy utilization. Refer to the middle conduit or outfall of the Drilled Hydrothermal Energy illustration in Figure 3. In the preferred embodiment of this innovation, the return water, which is at a higher temperature, is discharged at a middle level in the body of water at approximately the same temperature that exists at that point in the thermocline. By introducing mineral rich deep water to the upper level of the ocean, a process beneficial to the environment is enacted. In a detailed overview of the OTEC system, Richard Crews (1997) demonstrates that “OTEC is non-polluting; in fact, it is ecologically positive since it enriches nutrient-poor surface water and tends to “sink” carbon. The nitrogen, phosphorus, silica, and other nutrients raised from the deep are combined via photosynthesis with atmospheric and ocean-dissolved carbon dioxide to produce increased biomass and reduce atmospheric carbon load.” Accordingly, future Hydrothermal Energy plants, in addition to lowering carbon emissions, also increase ocean carbon absorption. Properly executed and comprehensive Hydrothermal Energy plants emulate nature in that there is no waste. Moreover, there is great revenue potential in carbon trading. A POSSIBLE BUSINESS MODEL: CHARTER CORPORATIONS Perhaps a business model of the distant past may be combined with a modern IT business model to jumpstart the commercialization of Hydrothermal Energy Plants. In 1828, the state of Massachusetts granted a charter to the Warren Bridge Company to build a bridge over the Charles River. The bridge, once constructed, was to gain revenue by tolls until all the capital cost, operating cost, and an agreed upon profit was obtained. At that point the charter would be dissolved and the bridge made toll free to the public. In modern times, the IT industry developed a solution to the high capital cost and relative short life of IT equipment with a business model of Infrastructure as a Service (IaaS). Basically, the IT Infrastructure and service to maintain it is handled by a third party and sold as a package to a company needing computing service. To the customer, this scenario eliminates the burden of ownership and operation of sophisticated IT equipment and lets them focus on their core business. The two business models may be combined to create a Charter Corporation that Builds – Owns – Operates -Turns over (BOOT) the Hydrothermal Energy Plant. The charter corporation may be a consortium of innovators, geologists, engineering firms, tunnel boring and directional drilling firms, construction firms, environmental engineers, Page | 8PDF Image | Hydrothermal Energy
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