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1.1. Introduction Section 1. Overview of Renewable Energy This strategy aims to develop new renewable energy resources which are not yet widely explored in Lao PDR to replace resources that will be exhausted in the future, also known as “non-renewable energy” (fossil fuels, coal, natural gas etc). These renewable energy resources comprise biomass energy (biofuels, biogas, ...); solar energy; wind; small hydropower. Energy is essential for meeting the peoples’ basic needs as well as vital in fuelling economic development. The increase in population and economic growth have resulted in increase of energy consumption. Reserves of non-renewable energy, being the dominant traded energy commodity, are declining. In particular, liquid fossil fuels are estimated to be depleted within the next few decades. Many countries in the world have recognized the importance of renewable energies, and therefore have undertaken technology research and development, and have set up goals for the development and effective use of their Renewable energy resources. 1.2. Renewable energy development at the international level 1.2.1. General overview As known, Fossil fuels are accumulated biomass since ancient past.. A huge amount of these fossil fuels had already been consumed in the 20th century. Furthermore, future extraction will be more challenging and more costly. With present fossil fuel use rate , all available reserves of petroleum and natural gas will be exploited within the 21st century (BP, 2003). Additional to exhaustibility of fossil, usage of fossil energy resources also creates harmful effects to to environment, particularly Green House Gas emission, which is the main cause for Global Climate changes. While, nuclear power shall not the right solution due to the limited reserve uranium in the world and security concerns from nuclear energy utilization . Recognizing the above mentioned challenges many countries have turned to reformulation of their energy strategy in order to be self sufficient and secured in energy supply. The first step is to promote the efficiency of energy usage from still available; and the second step, turn to development of inexhaustible and environmental friendly renewable energy resources. (1) According to International Energy Agency (IEA), Total Primary energy consumption worldwide in 2008 counted for 12,267 MTOE, share of renewable energy resources was 12.9% (Figure 1.3). Of the renewable energy shares, combustible biomass and wastes counted for 10.0%, small change observed in hydropower 2.2% because hydropower development in developed countries has reached saturation and the slight increase is due to developing world. The use of Other renewable energies (such as wind, solar, geothermal energy, ...) rapidly increased from 0.1% in 2001 to 0.7% (2008), mainly solar and wind. 1 primary energy-- is an original energy, not yet processed: crude oil,-coal, water fall, biomass, wind, 4PDF Image | Renewable Energy Development Strategy in Lao PDR
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