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Introduction plant configurations or those which are expected to be potentially available on the market in the near future have been considered. Three plant sizes have been focused: 100 kWel, 1 MWel and 5 MWel. Indeed, the former two scales are more relevant, since the latter can actually be considered a medium-size for biomass power plants (it has been taken into consideration in order to obtain comparison values). Wood combustion and gasification are the biomass conversion processes taken into account, while pyrolysis has been neglected since it is not considered a forthcoming technology. On the other hand, internal combustion engines (ICE), (micro) gas turbines (mGT/GT), both internally and externally fired, and organic Rankine cycles (ORC) have been considered as power plants. Starting from these base technologies, a large number of plant configurations has been assembled and investigated. In particular, thermodynamic performance simulations have been carried out using the commercial ThermoflexTM software. Setting the different configurations, power generation maximisation (e.g. providing regeneration when possible) has been focused, but low-temperature waste heat recovery is being realised in order to fully exploit biomass lower heating value (LHV), producing hot water. The most performing solutions then have been subject to an economic analysis, carried out basing on the Italian legislation, which provides considerable economic incentives for power generation from renewable energy sources. The first chapter of the thesis is dedicated to the biomass resource. Firstly its importance in the energy scenario and its potential development are being discussed, referring in particular to the Italian context. Chemical, physical and energy characteristics of wood are then presented, followed by the description of the conversion technologies (i.e. combustion, gasification and pyrolysis, as mentioned). The second chapter provides an overview on small-scale power plants, and in particular on the three adopted typologies, i.e. internal combustion engines, gas turbines and organic Rankine cycles. The last part of the chapter is dedicated to a brief description of the other technologies which, for different reasons, have not been considered in this thesis (Stirling engines, steam engines and fuel cells). The operative part of the work begins in the third chapter, discussing all the technical hypotheses on which the thermodynamic simulations are based. Firstly the 2PDF Image | SMALL-SCALE BIOMASS POWER GENERATION
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