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Chapter 1 Biomass and technologies for its exploitation 1.1 Introduction Chapter 1 Biomass and technologies for its exploitation In this chapter an overview on the biomass resource is provided, focusing in particular on woody one, the type which is being considered in this work. After presenting its chemical, physical and energy properties, conversion technologies (pyrolysis, combustion and gasification) that allow its use in power plants are described. However, first of all it is necessary to introduce the present world energy scenario and briefly discuss why biomass can play an important role in power generation. In addition, an outline of the Italian situation is also presented, showing the potentiality of biomass use for energy purposes in this country. 1.2 The energy issue and biomass role Past studies have unequivocally demonstrated the existence of a strong correlation between social and economic development of a country and per-capita energy consumption, with particular reference to electricity: this concept is clearly shown in Figure 1.1, where the well-being of a country is quantified by the HDI (Human Development Index) indicator. Consequently, it is not surprising that developing countries (such as China, India and Brazil) are registering increasing energy consumption associated to their economic growth and that, on the other hand, due to the economic crisis a decrease is predicted for the OECD area in 2009. Apart from this, total world energy consumption without any structural interventions is expected to grow constantly in the next decades (Figure 1.2). 5PDF Image | SMALL-SCALE BIOMASS POWER GENERATION
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