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Chapter 1 Biomass and technologies for its exploitation solid biomass and almost the totality of that from biogas occur in these countries. In particular biomass incidence on the domestic electrical production is 2% in EU, while is negligible in underdeveloped countries. In absolute terms, biomass energy consumption in the European Union was 84 Mtoe (of which about 80% from solid biomass), compared with a total demand of 1815 Mtoe, while the maximum yearly amount of energy that could be derived from biomass in the area is estimated at about 400 Mtoe [1.8]. EU Commission in 2005 set the goal of a 149 Mtoe consumption by 2010 ÷ 2012 [1.9], nevertheless this ambitious target will hardly be reached: EurObserv’ER predicts that in 2010 the amount will be about 104 Mtoe, thus 46 Mtoe less than anticipated in the plan2 [1.10]. 1.2.1 Italian situation and perspectives 1.2.1.1 Primary energy There are several assessments concerning total biomass consumption in Italy, often considerably different one from the other. These differences are mainly due to the difficulty in evaluating properly the actual consumption in the many small heating devices that were installed in the last years. Referring to the year 2005, in the Position Paper on the use of renewable energies, the Italian Government estimates it at 3.53 Mtoe [1.11], while IEA states 4.2 Mtoe, as reported in [1.8]. Nevertheless, the most reliable value is probably the one given by ITABIA (Italian Biomass Association), just because its assessment is also based on a deep survey on small-scale heating plants: the value is fixed in 5.65 Mtoe [1.12], which means a rate of about 3% on the whole domestic energy demand, which was 198 Mtoe in that year [1.13]. It must be specified that in every case all municipal solid waste (MSW) is included: basing on an assessment on waste-fired power plants performed by ENEA (Ente per le Nuove tecnologie, l’Energia e l’Ambiente) [1.14], its incidence can be evaluated in about 1.2 Mtoe. 2 These last two values take into account only the biodegradable fraction of municipal solid waste; however the remaining part just amounts to 5 ÷ 6 Mtoe, so its incidence on the total value is quite low. 11PDF Image | SMALL-SCALE BIOMASS POWER GENERATION
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