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Chapter 1 Biomass and technologies for its exploitation 1.2.1.2 Electric energy More up-to-date and specifically referred to “natural” biomass (thus excluding municipal solid waste) data are available concerning electricity generation, even because it is simpler to carry out statistical analyses in this field. According to the GSE (former Gestore dei Servizi Elettrici, now Gestore dei Servizi Energetici), in 2008 the installed capacity in Italy was 936 MWel [1.19], whereas the whole net capacity of the country was technically 98.6 GWel, the available capacity was 63.5 GWel and the peak demand was 55.3 GWel [1.20]. The annual energy production from biomass was 4410 GWhel, i.e. 1.4% of the total (319 TWhel). In particular, power and energy generation were shared among the different biomass types as follows (as one can see, solid biomass represents the most important contribution): • solid biomass: 449 MWel – 2746 GWhel • biogas: 366 MWel – 1599 GWhel • liquid biofuel: 121 MWel – 65 GWhel For completeness, it must be said that waste-fired power plants had a capacity of 619 MWel and generated 3112 GWhel. Also in this case there are several assessments concerning potentiality and future perspectives of power generation from biomass. Forecasts made by the Italian Government in 1999 [1.21] indicated the aim of reaching an installed capacity of 2300 MWel with biomass feeding, in addition to 800 MWel fed by MSW, by the years 2008 ÷ 2012, but these goals are far from being achieved, above all the first one. In the cited 2005 Position Paper, the Italian Government has then formulated less ambitious programmes: the installed capacity of biomass power plants by 2020 is predicted to be 1615 MWel, from which about 10500 GWhel energy would derive. In detail, 1123 MWel, giving 7300 GWhel, should be referred to solid biomass, while 492 MWel, giving 3200 GWhel, should derive from biogas (bioliquids were not taken into account). In addition again 800 MWel of MSW plants are calculated, with a production of 4000 GWhel. Finally, in another research work [1.22], the theoretical capacity of power plants considering only solid biomass is fixed in 2618 MWel. Moreover, here it is important to note that such an evaluation is also dependent on the fact that the raw material can be shared differently among the different applications 13PDF Image | SMALL-SCALE BIOMASS POWER GENERATION
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