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Chapter 1 Biomass and technologies for its exploitation range 17 ÷ 29 MJ/Nm3, and it has no dangerous contents (syngas obtained from gasification, instead, has not these good properties, as will be shown in Section 1.5.3). As already said, this technique is typically applied to livestock manure or, more in general, to organic residues. As the starting fuel is waste material, that otherwise would be destined for disposal, economic and ecologic benefits of this process are indeed clear. Additionally, the resulting matter of the process is an excellent fertiliser because nitrogen, that could have been lost in the form of ammonia, is present in fixed form and hence is directly usable by plants. 1.3.3.4 Aerobic digestion Aerobic digestion is a biochemical process, suitably applied in farms or livestock holdings, effected by micro-organisms whose proliferation, differently from anaerobic one, is allowed by the presence of oxygen. These bacteria metabolise organic matter, converting complex substances into simpler compounds, freeing carbon dioxide and water and thus heating the substrate (the lowering biomass layer that has not been digested yet). The generated thermal power can then be recovered by means of a fluid exchanger and used for heating purposes. As for anaerobic digestion, there are the additional advantages related to the reduction of residues, that would be brought to landfill, and to the production of compost; indeed, these are the real main aims of aerobic digestion, since the application is quite poor in terms of energy production (low-temperature heat against high quality biogas in the anaerobic process). 1.4 Woody biomass properties In this section, chemical, physical and energy properties of woody biomass are presented. However, firstly it must be noticed that the resource can be supplied in different ways and typically: • directly from coppice, in the perspective of a good forest management; • adopting the so called Short Rotation Forestry (SFR), a modern cultivation technique that aims at the production of wood specifically for energy purposes, 23PDF Image | SMALL-SCALE BIOMASS POWER GENERATION
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