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Chapter 1 Biomass and technologies for its exploitation 1.5.1 Combustion Combustion is a complex exothermic oxidation reaction, where carbon and hydrogen contained in the fuel react with oxygen, producing carbon dioxide and water and releasing energy in the form of heat, as already shown in (1.2) equation. The whole process occurs essentially in three stages (Figure 1.11), that can overlap in the combustion site, especially for large biomass particles: 1. drying; 2. thermal degradation (pyrolysis/gasification); 3. actual combustion (oxidation). Figure 1.11 – Stages of the combustion of a small wood particle (adapted from [1.30]). During the first phase, wood is being heated and moisture is being converted into vapour. The latter phenomenon already occurs before 100°C. Since vaporisation uses energy released from the combustion reaction itself, it determines a diminishing temperature in the combustion chamber, which slows down the combustion process. Indeed, if in Section 1.4.3 it has been shown that LHV wipes out with moisture levels around 90%, combustion cannot take place anymore when this exceeds 65 ÷ 70% already, because wet wood requires so much energy to evaporate water and then to heat vapour, that temperature is reduced below the minimum level to sustain the process (practically 60% is the maximum value found in real applications). 30PDF Image | SMALL-SCALE BIOMASS POWER GENERATION
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