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Chapter 1 Biomass and technologies for its exploitation The second stage starts at 200°C, when wood begins to be subject to thermal degradation that leads to the evaporation of its volatile components (devolatilisation). As already shown in Table 1.3, this matter represents more than 75% of the total weight of biomass, so combustion will mostly occur in gaseous phase. As one can observe in Figure 1.12, the first component of the wood that undergoes the degradation is hemicellulose (300°C), followed by cellulose (325 ÷ 375°C). In this first phase, devolatilisation rate increases as temperature rises; thereafter, at around 400°C, most of the volatile matter has been freed and the process rate decreases rapidly. However, a low volatilisation is still observed in the temperature range 400 ÷ 500°C because of the lignin decomposition, that actually occurs throughout the whole temperature range, but is here more relevant in terms of weight loss. Figure 1.12 – Devolatilisation rate as a function of temperature (adapted from [1.30]). Finally, combustion, i.e. complete oxidation of the resulting solid, liquid and gaseous matter, can take place. In particular, gas combustion begins at about 500 ÷ 600°C and protracts to 1000°C; in the range 800 ÷ 900°C solid char (composed by a carbonaceous residue and inorganic ash) and tars are burnt. 31PDF Image | SMALL-SCALE BIOMASS POWER GENERATION
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