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SMALL-SCALE BIOMASS POWER GENERATION

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SMALL-SCALE BIOMASS POWER GENERATION ( small-scale-biomass-power-generation )

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Chapter 1 Biomass and technologies for its exploitation layer, involving the material that has not reacted yet and that is supported by the throat, and is fed by the heat released in the combustion itself. The charcoal generated during the pyrolysis forms a incandescent bed under the throat, supported by a perforated grate: the gaseous combustion products pass through this bed, being involved in the reduction reactions and transforming in syngas, that then crosses the grate and exits the reactor. The char instead is gradually consumed until it is reduced in dust and then falls, together with ash, in a cinerary below the grate: the material collected here represents 2 ÷ 10% of the input biomass (ash content can vary in the range 10 ÷ 50%). In case, charcoal can be separated from ash and then used for energy purposes (e.g. in the process itself), being characterised by a good LHV (roughly 20 MJ/kg). Figure 1.15 – Schemes of downdraft gasifiers: throated (left) and open-core (right). Since the syngas exits soon after the reduction phase, its sensible heat is not recovered in the reactor. Therefore its output temperature is much higher than in the updraft case, while cold gas efficiency is lower (a following recovery of syngas sensible heat is then required for a thermodynamic optimisation of the process). Besides, the drying phase is not fed by the hot syngas, but simply by the heat transferred from the lower layers: hence drying capacity is not as high as in the previous case and input biomass has to be 43

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