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Chapter 1 Biomass and technologies for its exploitation ICEs, GTs, Stirling engines, etc.), each one having specific requirements. It is quite obvious that, as a general rule, the cleaning need is stronger in internal combustion plants rather than in external combustion ones9. However, it must be noted that the literature is not rich of reliable data on the gas quality requirements and moreover they are often quite contrasting. Focusing on internal combustion engines and gas turbines, the most important types of power plant that can be fed by syngas, generally the former are more tolerant of contaminants than the latter. Alkali and sulphur compounds, which corrode the blades, have the most deleterious effects on gas turbines. Also chlorine compounds, that interact with several metals, have corrosive effects, and this is worsened by the change from reducing (gasifier) to oxidising (plants combustion chamber) environments. Particulate matter damages the moving parts, eroding them (again, more heavily on GTs than on ICEs). Turbines are not very sensitive to tars, as the high gas temperatures keep them in vapour form, nevertheless these condensate on the piping system (causing fouling of heat exchangers, for instance) and it is a potential problem if syngas has to be compressed, as it will deposit in the compressor. For this reasons, requirements for tars in global terms are quite strict, more than for internal combustion engines [1.34]. Table 1.9 provides some limit values of the contaminants content for these two power plants. Tar [mg/m3] Particles [mg/m3] Maximum Gas engines < 100 Desired < 50 Maximum < 50 Desired < 5 Tar [mg/m3] Particles [ppm] Na [ppm] K [ppm] S [ppm] HCl [ppm] Other metals [ppm] Gas turbines 5 Table 1.9 – Required values of the gas quality for the use in ICEs and GTs [1.35]. 9 Indeed, syngas is normally produced precisely to be used in internal combustion devices, since external combustion ones can be fed by burning solid biomass, avoiding the complexity of gasification process; however, specific considerations can lead to use syngas also in these plants in certain cases. < 1 < 1 < 1 1 < 0.5 < 1 50PDF Image | SMALL-SCALE BIOMASS POWER GENERATION
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