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Chapter 2 Small-scale power plants 2.1 Introduction After having discussed the characteristics of woody biomass and technologies for its energy conversion, this chapter provides a description of the main small-scale power generation plants. In this work three specific sizes have been taken into account: 100 kWel, 1 MWel and 5 MWel, focussing on the first two ones. In fact, basing on what already mentioned in the previous chapter, the latter cannot properly be considered small size, nevertheless it has been taken into account in order to get a sort of upper limit reference values, also considering that all the power technologies adopted for 100 kWel and 1 MWel cases can be generally used for the 5 MWel case too. Commercially available technologies and those that are expected to be potential in the near future have been taken into consideration, based on internal combustion engines (ICE), gas turbines, in case in the micro configuration (mGT/GT), both internally and externally fired, and Organic Rankine Cycle (ORC) plants. However, the less developed and used solutions are also briefly presented in the last part of the chapter. For the time being, it is important to note that the internal combustion plants are described in their classic configuration, i.e. considering natural gas feeding: issues related to the use of syngas in such plants are just mentioned here, while they will be fully discussed in the next chapter. Concluding, it may be useful to specify that the solution mostly used on large scales is the traditional steam cycle plant one, which, however, is affected by low electrical efficiency (averagely 25 ÷ 30%), since their low power capacity (in absolute terms) results in the necessity to contain investment costs, requiring modest thermodynamic cycle parameter values and extreme plant simplicity. Higher efficiencies (35 ÷ 40%) are achievable with BIGCC, where a gas turbine, fed by gasification syngas, is coupled Chapter 2 Small-scale power plants 55PDF Image | SMALL-SCALE BIOMASS POWER GENERATION
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