PDF Publication Title:
Text from PDF Page: 086
Chapter 2 Small-scale power plants As a consequence, CHP justifies the adoption of small-scale plants and makes them competitive with larger ones, because their lower electrical efficiency is compensated by heat production. Obviously CHP is also applied on large scales3, but their performance in terms of first and second law efficiencies4, differently from the mere electrical efficiency, is not much higher than that of small plants [2.2]. The above explanations generally also apply for biomass, since it is exploited through a combustion process (directly or after being converted into syngas), nevertheless the heat recovery necessity becomes less pressing, mainly because of two factors. First of all, differently from methane-fed plants, concerning biomass the performance of large-scale plants is substantially comparable to that of small-scale ones. In fact, as will be shown in the next chapters, 25% electrical efficiency of large steam cycles is easily achieved by 1 MWel-size plants, as well as 35 ÷ 40% of BIGCC plants is reached by some 5 MWel-size devices. Indeed, it is important to always remember that “large scale” for natural gas plants means roughly 300 ÷ 500 MWel, while, as already discussed, for biomass plants it means even 10 ÷ 20 MWel, therefore the distance in absolute terms between small and large size is low and favours the limitations in performance differences. Secondly, small-scale power generation from renewable sources enjoys conspicuous economic incentives, that are not provided for heat production, whose incidence is therefore lower, as will be shown in Chapter 5. It is also for this reasons that in this work focus has been put primarily on the maximisation of power generation, even if the effect of thermal production starting from waste heat has been taken into account, since it obviously contributes to an overall plant optimisation. Summarising, one can affirm that CHP production is a necessity on small- scale methane-fed plants, while it is generally not mandatory in case of biomass feeding, even if it can obviously be relevant. 3 Actually its diffusion started right from these plants. 4 First law efficiency is given by the ratio between the net output (power + heat) and the fuel power and is thus equal to the sum of electrical and thermal efficiencies; second law efficiency is calculated in a similar way, but since heat is a less valuable energy form than electricity, its contribution is multiplied by a reducing factor, normally the Carnot efficiency related to the heat supplying temperature. 58PDF Image | SMALL-SCALE BIOMASS POWER GENERATION
PDF Search Title:
SMALL-SCALE BIOMASS POWER GENERATIONOriginal File Name Searched:
PhD_thesis_Samuel_Carrara.pdfDIY PDF Search: Google It | Yahoo | Bing
NFT (Non Fungible Token): Buy our tech, design, development or system NFT and become part of our tech NFT network... More Info
IT XR Project Redstone NFT Available for Sale: NFT for high tech turbine design with one part 3D printed counter-rotating energy turbine. Be part of the future with this NFT. Can be bought and sold but only one design NFT exists. Royalties go to the developer (Infinity) to keep enhancing design and applications... More Info
Infinity Turbine IT XR Project Redstone Design: NFT for sale... NFT for high tech turbine design with one part 3D printed counter-rotating energy turbine. Includes all rights to this turbine design, including license for Fluid Handling Block I and II for the turbine assembly and housing. The NFT includes the blueprints (cad/cam), revenue streams, and all future development of the IT XR Project Redstone... More Info
Infinity Turbine ROT Radial Outflow Turbine 24 Design and Worldwide Rights: NFT for sale... NFT for the ROT 24 energy turbine. Be part of the future with this NFT. This design can be bought and sold but only one design NFT exists. You may manufacture the unit, or get the revenues from its sale from Infinity Turbine. Royalties go to the developer (Infinity) to keep enhancing design and applications... More Info
Infinity Supercritical CO2 10 Liter Extractor Design and Worldwide Rights: The Infinity Supercritical 10L CO2 extractor is for botanical oil extraction, which is rich in terpenes and can produce shelf ready full spectrum oil. With over 5 years of development, this industry leader mature extractor machine has been sold since 2015 and is part of many profitable businesses. The process can also be used for electrowinning, e-waste recycling, and lithium battery recycling, gold mining electronic wastes, precious metals. CO2 can also be used in a reverse fuel cell with nafion to make a gas-to-liquids fuel, such as methanol, ethanol and butanol or ethylene. Supercritical CO2 has also been used for treating nafion to make it more effective catalyst. This NFT is for the purchase of worldwide rights which includes the design. More Info
NFT (Non Fungible Token): Buy our tech, design, development or system NFT and become part of our tech NFT network... More Info
Infinity Turbine Products: Special for this month, any plans are $10,000 for complete Cad/Cam blueprints. License is for one build. Try before you buy a production license. May pay by Bitcoin or other Crypto. Products Page... More Info
CONTACT TEL: 608-238-6001 Email: greg@infinityturbine.com (Standard Web Page)