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Chapter 2 Small-scale power plants expands, again adiabatically, producing useful work. Hot gases are then discharged and the cycle is being repeated. Figure 2.3 shows a schematisation of the process. The high temperature reached in the compression phase could result in mixture self-ignition (knocking), which must be avoided: for this reason, the compression ratio is generally limited to 10 ÷ 14. Figure 2.3 – Four-stroke cycle in a SI internal combustion engine [2.4]. As one can see, the four-stroke configuration is proposed in the figure. The name is due to the fact that the whole work cycle is realised by means of four movements (strokes) of the piston, two upwards and two downwards, each one roughly corresponding to a thermodynamic process. Two-stroke engines, where the cycle occurs in just two movements, may be realised too, but their environmental performance is poor, so that they are not generally adopted for CHP applications. The operating concept in CI engines (intake - compression – combustion – expansion- discharge) is analogous, but here only air is compressed, then the fuel is injected at high pressure into the cylinder and the mixture self-ignites because of the air high temperature (the phenomenon to be avoided in SI engines): the combustion process is more gradual and one can assume that it occurs at constant pressure, while the combustion takes place instantaneously (at least ideally) in SI engines and can thus be considered isochoric. Besides, compression ratio can be higher (up to 20). 60PDF Image | SMALL-SCALE BIOMASS POWER GENERATION
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