PDF Publication Title:
Text from PDF Page: 089
Chapter 2 Small-scale power plants In general, ICEs can use a wide variety of fuels, but in CHP applications natural gas is normally adopted, due to its features of environmental compatibility, constant availability and relatively low costs. Since methane is also characterised by a good anti-knock behaviour, it is suitable for use in SI engines, that is the mostly used solution. The mixture in these machines can be stoichiometric or, more often, lean (lean burn), i.e. the air to fuel ratio is higher than the stoichiometric one: this is done in order to limit NOx production. SI methane engines can be built up according to a dedicated project or else, as often occurs, they derive from CI engines, adapted to the new type of operation (plugs are added, power capacity is reduced to 60 ÷ 80% to avoid knocking, etc.). Natural gas can also be used in CI engines but, due to its anti-knock behaviour, a percentage of diesel oil must be added (1 ÷ 10%) to achieve self-ignition of the charge. The natural gas can be supplied either at low pressure in the intake together with air or at high pressure directly into the combustion chamber with diesel oil: according to the described issues, in the former case, power output must be reduced to 80 ÷ 95%, while, in the latter case, power capacity is substantially unvaried, but a gas compressor is required if methane supplying pressure is not high enough, with consequent power consumption, typically about 5% of the generated power. Besides, compressor cost and potential problems related to its operation have to be taken into account: therefore, unless natural gas is directly available at high pressure (which normally does not happen), making compressor installation unnecessary, low-pressure injection of gas in the intake duct is normally preferred. Apart from some models having capacity lower than 200 kWel, reciprocating engines are always supercharged through a turbocharger: the turbine is fed with the engine flue gases and drives the compressor, that enhances air pressure, increasing its density and thus power output (in addition efficiency increases also, while emissions decrease). An intercooler with the aim of cooling the air at the compressor output to further increase density and, at the same time, reduce the engine compression work is normally also provided. It is important to note that in vehicles the heat released at the intercooler is rejected in the air, while in CHP engines it can be recovered for useful purposes by water flow (even if its temperature is generally low, about 40 ÷ 50°C). The integration of the turbocharger with the engine is schematised in Figure 2.4. 61PDF Image | SMALL-SCALE BIOMASS POWER GENERATION
PDF Search Title:
SMALL-SCALE BIOMASS POWER GENERATIONOriginal File Name Searched:
PhD_thesis_Samuel_Carrara.pdfDIY PDF Search: Google It | Yahoo | Bing
NFT (Non Fungible Token): Buy our tech, design, development or system NFT and become part of our tech NFT network... More Info
IT XR Project Redstone NFT Available for Sale: NFT for high tech turbine design with one part 3D printed counter-rotating energy turbine. Be part of the future with this NFT. Can be bought and sold but only one design NFT exists. Royalties go to the developer (Infinity) to keep enhancing design and applications... More Info
Infinity Turbine IT XR Project Redstone Design: NFT for sale... NFT for high tech turbine design with one part 3D printed counter-rotating energy turbine. Includes all rights to this turbine design, including license for Fluid Handling Block I and II for the turbine assembly and housing. The NFT includes the blueprints (cad/cam), revenue streams, and all future development of the IT XR Project Redstone... More Info
Infinity Turbine ROT Radial Outflow Turbine 24 Design and Worldwide Rights: NFT for sale... NFT for the ROT 24 energy turbine. Be part of the future with this NFT. This design can be bought and sold but only one design NFT exists. You may manufacture the unit, or get the revenues from its sale from Infinity Turbine. Royalties go to the developer (Infinity) to keep enhancing design and applications... More Info
Infinity Supercritical CO2 10 Liter Extractor Design and Worldwide Rights: The Infinity Supercritical 10L CO2 extractor is for botanical oil extraction, which is rich in terpenes and can produce shelf ready full spectrum oil. With over 5 years of development, this industry leader mature extractor machine has been sold since 2015 and is part of many profitable businesses. The process can also be used for electrowinning, e-waste recycling, and lithium battery recycling, gold mining electronic wastes, precious metals. CO2 can also be used in a reverse fuel cell with nafion to make a gas-to-liquids fuel, such as methanol, ethanol and butanol or ethylene. Supercritical CO2 has also been used for treating nafion to make it more effective catalyst. This NFT is for the purchase of worldwide rights which includes the design. More Info
NFT (Non Fungible Token): Buy our tech, design, development or system NFT and become part of our tech NFT network... More Info
Infinity Turbine Products: Special for this month, any plans are $10,000 for complete Cad/Cam blueprints. License is for one build. Try before you buy a production license. May pay by Bitcoin or other Crypto. Products Page... More Info
CONTACT TEL: 608-238-6001 Email: greg@infinityturbine.com (Standard Web Page)