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Chapter 2 Small-scale power plants In particular, flue gases can be used in a HRSG (Heat Recovery Steam Generator) to produce low-temperature and pressure steam (normally up to 200°C and some bars) or hot water (e.g. for heating purposes); obviously concerning the cooling circuit (in the figure indicated by HWR, Hot Water Recovery), the latter is the only available solution. Finally, some typical energy flows in a 1 MWel engine, having 41% as electrical efficiency, are presented in Figure 2.7. Considering that flue gas heat cannot be completely recovered (normally gases are cooled down to 120 ÷ 150°C, so the useful share would be about 25%) and neglecting intercooler contribution, first law efficiency would be about 80 ÷ 85%. On lower scales, up to 85 ÷ 90% are instead being reached, obviously with lower electrical efficiencies. However, values are very attractive in both cases. Figure 2.7 – Energy flows in a typical 1 MWel-size CHP engine (adapted from [2.6]). 2.4 Gas turbines Gas turbines (Figure 2.8), like internal combustion engines, are machines originally developed for propulsion purposes, even if in this case focus was pointed on aeronautical applications. First plants were realised at the end of the thirties, but it was only after the Second World War that gas turbines started strong development, initially as aircrafts engines (first military and then civil) and afterwards, especially in the last decades, for stationary employments, where they are typically adopted to drive work- 64PDF Image | SMALL-SCALE BIOMASS POWER GENERATION
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