SMALL-SCALE BIOMASS POWER GENERATION

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SMALL-SCALE BIOMASS POWER GENERATION ( small-scale-biomass-power-generation )

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Chapter 2 Small-scale power plants 50 45 40 35 30 25 20 15 Electrical efficiency - Gas turbines 0.1 1 10 100 1000 Power output [MWel] Figure 2.10 – Electrical efficiency of gas turbines as a function of size (own elaboration based on [TF]). As one can see, efficiency of the smallest models varies from 20 ÷ 25% (these are very poor values) up to 40 ÷ 45% as regards the most performing ones. In particular, one can observe two main development lines: the higher one is limited to about 50 MWel (apart from one specific model), where the best efficiencies are reached, while the lower one extends to the highest sizes, getting near to 40%. These two ideal lines are associated to two different families of gas turbines dedicated to power generation: aero-derivative and heavy-duty. As suggested by the name, the former is constituted by turbines deriving from engines specifically designed and developed for aeronautical propulsion, with as little as possible modifications, characterised by extreme operating parameters, with the goal of efficiency optimisation. On the other hand, heavy-duty turbines are directly developed for stationary applications and are therefore characterised by a more essential design, even because they are typically used in combined cycles and the main aim is no more the performance optimisation of just the gas turbine but of the whole plant, which requires less advanced parameters [2.8]. If the efficiencies of small gas turbines are quite low, it is clear that unacceptable performance would characterise models having an even smaller size (< 500 kWel) if machine architecture and operating features were not reconsidered. For this reason, 67 Electrical efficiency [%g] fgd

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